Objective To study the correlations of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio（NLR） and platelet-lymphocyte ratio（PLR） with arteriovenous fistula（AVF） stenosis in hemodialysis（HD） patients. Methods Data were collected from 625 patients who underwent arteriovenous fistula hemodialysis at the Department of Nephrology，Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College between January 2021 and June 2022. Of these，395 eligible patients with complete information were selected as subjects of study. The 245 patients with AVF stenosis were designated as group 1 and the 150 patients without AVF stenosis were designated as group 2. The routine biochemical parameters and complete blood count were recorded for all patients. Results ①Compared with patients in group 2，those in group 1 showed significantly higher NLR（5.07（4.00，6.66） vs. 3.46（2.63，4.15），P<0.001），PLR（169.52（127.56，227.11） vs. 125.66（89.31，165.31），P<0.001），and C-reactive protein（Hs-CRP）（1.90（0.80，2.99） vs. 0.82（0.42，1.27），P<0.001）. ②Multivariate logistic regression analysis，which was corrected for age，sex，body mass index，AVF anastomosis，puncture method，and diabetes，showed that NLR（OR=2.195，95%CI=1.674～2.878，P<0.001），PLR（OR=1.008，95%CI=1.002~1.012，P=0.007），and Hs-CRP（OR=2.170，95%CI=1.607~2.751，P<0.001） were independent risk factors for AVF stenosis in HD patients. ③Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the NLR curve（0.799，95%CI=0.756～0.838，P<0.001），PLR（0.694，95%CI=0.646～0.740，P<0.001），and Hs-CRP（0.717，95%CI=0.670～0.761，P<0.001） could be used to predict AVF stenosis. Their optimal critical values for prediction were 4.08，122.49，and 1.62，respectively. Their combination showed improved prediction effect（AUC 0.870，95%CI=0.833~0.901，P<0.001），high sensitivity（79.18%），and high specificity（81.33%）. Conclusion NLR，PLR，and Hs-CRP were independent risk factors and predictors of AVF stenosis，and their combination has higher predictive value.