Objective To construct a mouse model of house dust mite（HDM）-induced allergic asthma with cognitive impairment. Methods C57 BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were used as the study subjects. HDMs were used intranasally to induce allergic asthma in mice（HDM group）. Simultaneously，a normal saline control group（NS group） and a blank control group（CN group） were established. At week 2 and month 1 of model construction，cognitive ability was tested using Barnes maze；pulmonary function was determined by nebulization with acetyl-β-methylcholine chloride solution，and pathological changes in lung and brain tissues were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining，immunohistochemistry，and Western blotting. Results At week 2，there were no significant differences in the enhanced pause（Penh），inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchi，time and frequency of mice finding escape boxes，and changes in mature neuronal marker neuronal nuclei antigen（NeuN） and synaptophysin in the brain in the HDM group compared with the CN and NS groups；no neuroinflammation occurred in the brain. At month 1，compared with the CN and NS groups，the HDM group showed a significant increase in Penh and a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchi；the time of mice finding escape boxes significantly increased（F=19.600，P<0.001），and the frequency significantly decreased（F=10.150，P=0.002）；the NeuN-positive area in the hippocampus of mice significantly decreased（F=6.449，P=0.012），and synaptophysin was significantly reduced（F=16.200，P=0.004）；activation of microglial cells and neuroinflammation occurred. Conclusion This study successfully constructed a mouse model of HDM-induced allergic asthma with cognitive impairment，providing a good animal model for exploring the mechanism of cognitive impairment caused by allergic asthma and drug intervention research.