Study on the difference of bone parameters and micromechanical parameters of ribs between human and non-human species

Wu Wenxin, Qiu Xing, Xia Bing, Xiao Chaollun, Ding Linhui, Li Man, Wang Jiawen

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Journal of Chongqing Medical University ›› 2024, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (12) : 1533-1540. DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003670
Forensic pathology

Study on the difference of bone parameters and micromechanical parameters of ribs between human and non-human species

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Abstract

Objective To measure and compare the bone parameters and micromechanical parameters of ribs from different species，and to investigate the feasibility of these parameters in identifying different species. Methods The left fourth rib of humans，pigs，cattle，sheep，and monkeys was extracted，starting from about 1 cm outside the costal cartilage，with a length of 1 cm，and Micro-CT was used to measure the bone parameters of the ribs，including cortical bone thickness，bone mineral density（BMD），trabecular number（Tb.N），trabecular thickness（Tb.Th），tissue volume（TV），tissue surface（TS），bone volume（BV），bone surface （BS），BV/TV ratio，BS/BV ratio，BS/TV ratio，and trabecular separation（Tb.SP）. The nano-indentation technique was used to measure the indentation hardness（HIT） and elastic modulus（EIT） of the cortex of boiled ribs and fresh ribs，and these parameters were compared between different species. Results Among the bone parameters，the six parameters of TV，TS，BS/TV rate，BS/BV ratio，Tb.SP，and Tb.N could completely distinguish the human rib samples from the rib samples of pigs，cattle，sheep，and monkeys，whereas there was a significant difference in BV between the human rib samples and the rib samples of cattle（P=0.001） and sheep（P=0.001）. There was a significant difference in BS between the human rib samples and the cattle rib samples（P=0.304），and there was a significant difference in BV/TV ratio between the human rib samples and the rib samples of cattle（P=0.025） and monkeys（P=0.002）. There was a significant difference in Tb.Th between the human rib samples and the rib samples of cattle（P=0.001） and monkeys（P=0.003），and there was a significant difference in BMD between the human rib samples and the pig rib samples（P=0.006）. There was a significant difference in cortical bone thickness between the human rib samples and the rib samples from all the other species except the cattle（P=0.579）. As for mechanical properties，there were significant differences in HIT and EIT between the human rib samples and the monkey rib samples in the boiled group（P=0.001），and there was a significant difference in HIT between the human rib samples and the cattle rib samples （P=0.001），but with no significant differences between the human rib samples and the rib samples from the other species；in the fresh group，there were no significant differences in HIT and EIT between the human rib samples and the cattle rib samples（P=0.999 and 0.997），and there was also no significant difference in HIT between the human rib samples and the monkey rib samples（P=0.092）； however，there were significant differences between the human rib samples and the rib samples from the other species. Conclusion The Micro-CT bone parameter testing and the nano-indentation mechanical performance testing can distinguish the fresh ribs of different species such as humans，pigs，monkeys，cattle，and sheep，and the nano-indentation mechanical performance testing of boiled ribs can only distinguish human ribs from the ribs of other animals. There is no significant difference in rib cortical thickness between humans and cattle，but there is a significant difference in rib cortical thickness between human ribs and the ribs from pigs，monkeys，and sheep.

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forensic anthropology / biomechanics / species identification / nano-indentation / Micro-CT

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Wu Wenxin , Qiu Xing , Xia Bing , et al . Study on the difference of bone parameters and micromechanical parameters of ribs between human and non-human species. Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2024, 49(12): 1533-1540 https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003670

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