Changes in immune status in decidua and peripheral blood during early pregnancy in women with advanced maternal age

Chen Ningxuan, Ma Xiaohui, Li Lian, Yang Zailin, Yi Ping, Xu Jing

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Journal of Chongqing Medical University ›› 2024, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11) : 1443-1449. DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003622
Clinical research

Changes in immune status in decidua and peripheral blood during early pregnancy in women with advanced maternal age

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Abstract

Objective To investigate the changes in maternal immune environment during early pregnancy in women with advanced maternal age. Methods Peripheral blood and decidual tissue samples were collected from the women who underwent early induced abortion in The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January to April 2024，and the women were divided into advanced age group（16 decidual tissue samples and 12 peripheral blood samples） and control group（23 decidual tissue samples and 13 peripheral blood samples）. Flow cytometry was used to measure peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets（CD3+T cells，CD4+T cells，CD8+T cells，CD19+ B cells，and natural killer［NK］ cells） and decidual NK（dNK） cell subsets including dNK1（CD103- CD18-CD39+），dNK2（CD103-CD18+CD39-），and dNK3 （CD103+ CD18+ CD39-）. Chemiluminescent immunoassay was used to measure serum cytokines in peripheral blood. Results Compared with the control group，there was no significant difference in the number and percentage of CD3+ T cells，CD19+B cells，and NK cells in the peripheral blood of the senior group，but the percentage of CD4+ T cells in the senior group［（40.25±6.40）%］ was increased compared with that of the control group［（35.29±3.95）%］（P=0.030），and the percentage of CD8+T cells in the advance age group［（21.83±6.20）%］ was decreased（P=0.041） compared to the control group ［（26.69±4.76）%］. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the percentage of dNK in total lymphocytes and the percentages of dNK1 and dNK2 subsets in decidual NK cells，but the advanced age group［（45.21±11.40）%］ had a significantly higher percentage of dNK3 subset than the control group［（22.93±6.93）%］（P<0.001）. Compared with the control group in terms of serum cytokines，the advanced age group had significantly lower levels of interleukin-4（IL-4）（P=0.017） and interferon-γ（IFN-γ）（P=0.011）and a significantly higher level of tumor necrosis factor-α（P=0.014）. Conclusion There are significant changes in maternal immune environment during early pregnancy in women with advanced maternal age，with significant increases in the percentage of dNK3 cells in dNK cell subsets and the percentage of CD4+T cells in peripheral blood and significant reductions in the percentage of CD8+T cells and the levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in the peripheral blood.

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advanced maternal age / maternal-fetal interface / immune regulation / lymphocyte subsets / decidual natural killer cells / cytokines

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Chen Ningxuan , Ma Xiaohui , Li Lian , et al . Changes in immune status in decidua and peripheral blood during early pregnancy in women with advanced maternal age. Journal of Chongqing Medical University. 2024, 49(11): 1443-1449 https://doi.org/10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003622

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