The acetylation and deacetylation modifications of histones play an important role in many pathophysiological processes and are closely associated with the development and progression of many diseases. This modification process is dynamic and reversible is jointly catalyzed by histone acetylase and histone deacetylase（HDAC）. Different subtypes of HDAC participate in the development and progression of diseases through different mechanisms. Chronic respiratory diseases are an important factor causing the huge burden of non-communicable diseases，but there is still a lack of radical treatment methods. Bronchial asthma，chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，interstitial lung disease，and pulmonary hypertension are the most common chronic respiratory diseases，and studies have confirmed that class I HDACs play an important role in the pathogenesis of the above four diseases. This article reviews the research advances in the molecular mechanism of class I HDACs in these four diseases，so as to provides new ideas and targets for treatment.