Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of renal hilar tumors. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the patients with malignant renal hilar tumors who were treated in The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2000 to December 2023，among whom 23 patients underwent general laparoscopy and 26 underwent robot-assisted laparoscopy. The two groups were compared in terms of age，sex，side of tumor，tumor diameter，R.E.N.A.L. score，time of operation，warm ischemia time，negative tumor margin，Clavien-Dindo grade ≥Ⅲ severe complications，and length of postoperative hospital stay. Results The patients in both groups underwent a successful surgery，and 1 patient in the laparoscopy group was converted to open partial nephrectomy. There were no significant differences in preoperative data between the two groups. There were also no significant differences between the two groups in time of operation，the reduction in hemoglobin after surgery，postoperative blood transfusion rate （0/22 vs. 0/26），intraoperative blood loss，the positive rate of tumor margin （0/22 vs. 0/26），and the incidence rate of Clavien-Dindo grade ≥Ⅲ severe complications （P>0.05）. There were significant differences between the two groups in intraoperative renal warm ischemia time ［（29.3±3.7） min vs. （21.3±3.3） min，P<0.01］ and length of postoperative hospital stay ［（6.0±1.2） d vs. （3.9±1.3） d，P<0.01］. Conclusion Robot-assisted laparoscopy has good safety and efficacy in the treatment of renal hilar tumors.