Objective To investigate the association of triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio（TG/HDL-C），triglyceride-glucose index（TyG），and TyG-derived indices with abnormal albuminuria in a population undergoing physical examination，as well as the ability of TG/HDL-C，TyG，and triglyceride-glucose index-body mass index ratio（TyG-BMI） in predicting albuminuria. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 3 739 subjects，aged 18 years or older，who underwent physical examination in Physical Examination Center from January to December 2022，and the subjects were divided into abnormal albuminuria group with 841 subjects and control group with 2 898 subjects. The subjects were divided into groups based on the quantiles of TG/HDL-C，TyG，and TyG-BMI，and the logistic regression model was used to investigate their association with the risk of abnormal albuminuria in the physical examination population. The restricted cubic spline regression model was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between different levels of TG/HDL-C，BMI，TyG，and TyG-BMI and albuminuria. The receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was used to investigate the value of the indices used alone or in combination in predicting albuminuria. Results Except for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and HDL-C，compared with the control group，the abnormal albuminuria group had significantly higher age，neutrophil count，monocytes，platelet count，leukocyte count，mean corpuscular volume，red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation，red blood cell distribution width，plateletcrit，total protein，albumin，glutamyl transpeptidase，fasting blood glucose，glycosylated hemoglobin，total cholesterol，low-density lipoprotein cholesterol，triglyceride，BMI，systolic pressure，diastolic pressure，pulse rate，alkaline phosphatase，TyG，TyG-BMI，and TG/HDL-C. After adjustment for confounding factors，the logistic regression analysis showed that the groups with the 4th quartiles of TG/HDL-C，TyG，and TyG-BMI indices had the highest risk of albuminuria compared with the groups with the 2nd and 3rd quartiles of these indices，with a risk of 1.895 times（95%CI=1.355-2.653），2.377 times（95%CI=1.657-3.417），and 2.319 times（95%CI=1.666-3.237），respectively. BMI and TyG-BMI index had a significant U-shaped non-linear dose-response relationship with albuminuria，while TyG and TG/HDL-C had a gradually increasing J-shaped dose-response relationship with albuminuria. The ROC curve analysis showed that TyG-BMI had a better predictive ability than the other three indices，with an area under the ROC curve（AUC） of 0.640. Except for the combination of TyG-BMI and TG/HDL-C，the other combinations of these indices had a better predictive ability than each index alone，among which the combination of TyG-BMI，TG/HDL-C，and TyG index had the best ability to predict albuminuria，with an AUC of 0.6504. Conclusion Increases in TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio are closely associated with abnormal albuminuria，and both of them have a certain value in predicting albuminuria. The combination of TyG-BMI，TG/HDL-C，and TyG index is a relatively good indicator for predicting albuminuria.