基于我国“富煤、贫油、少气”资源现状，发展煤制多孔炭电极材料技术可加快煤炭清洁高效利用转型及“双碳”目标的实现。本研究以神木烟煤为碳源，KOH为活化剂，通过一步活化策略，制备了煤基多孔炭材料。结果表明：制备的煤基多孔炭具有发达的分级孔道结构（比表面积为2094.5 m²·g^-1，孔容为0.96 cm³·g^-1），丰富的石墨化微晶，N、O杂原子共掺杂及良好的亲水性。以制备的煤基多孔炭为正极，2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄水溶液为电解质，Zn箔为负极，组装的扣式锌离子混合电容器在0.1 A·g^-1电流密度下比容量高达178.7 mAh·g^-1；当电流密度放大200倍至20 A·g^-1时，比容量仍维持89.2 mAh·g^-1，展现了优异的倍率性能；最大能量密度和功率密度分别为142 Wh·kg^-1和16854.9 W·kg^-1。此外，以明胶@ZnSO₄为凝胶电解质构建的准固态锌离子混合电容器同样显示出卓越的电化学性能，并具有良好的柔韧性。

In light of the “rich coal，poor oil，and scarce gas” resource status in China，developing carbon electrode materials from coal can accelerate the transformation of clean and efficient utilization of coal and the realization of “dual carbon” goals. Herein，the porous carbon is synthesized from Shenmu bituminous coal via a one-step KOH activation strategy. The results indicate that the resultant carbon possesses a hierarchical porous structure with a surface area of 2094.5 m²·g^-1 and pore volume of 0.96 cm³·g^-1，abundant graphitized microcrystals，N/O co-doping，and excellent hydrophilicity. By employing as-fabricated carbon as cathode，2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄ aqueous solution as electrolyte，and Zn foil as anode，the assembled coin-type Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors （ZIHSCs） exhibit a high capacity of 178.7 mAh·g^-1 at 0.1 A·g^-1 and retain 89.2 mAh·g^-1 by enlarging the current density 200 times to 20 A·g^-1，manifesting an eminent rate performance. Importantly，the maximum energy density and power density of ZIHSCs can reach 142 Wh·kg^-1 and 16854.9 W·kg^-1，respectively. Furthermore，the quasi-solid ZIHSCs based on the gel electrolyte of gelatin@ZnSO₄ also deliver outstanding electrochemical capability and excellent flexibility.