激光熔丝定向能量沉积增材制造技术研究现状与发展趋势

袁宇成, 宋军, 罗加杰, 李祥如, 宋波, 史玉升

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中国高校科技期刊信息汇聚平台
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材料工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5) : 1-16. DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2024.000744
熔丝增材制造专栏

激光熔丝定向能量沉积增材制造技术研究现状与发展趋势

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Research advances and development trends of wire-based laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing technology

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摘要

随着航空、航天、航海等领域的发展，高端装备的服役条件愈加苛刻，对制造业的发展提出了更高的要求。增材制造技术，又称为3D打印技术，相较于传统制造技术在复杂形状结构制造方面优势显著，有望实现三维空间内特定位置的打印和独特性能的结构打印。激光熔丝定向能量沉积（wire-based laser directed energy deposition， W-LDED）技术作为增材制造技术的重要分支，具有高效率、高精度和高材料利用率等显著优势，在高端装备制造领域具有广阔的应用前景。尽管W-LDED技术具有诸多优点，但其工艺参数选择、多次热循环以及制造过程精确控制和可重复性等方面仍存在诸多挑战，沉积质量和制造稳定性受多种因素影响，如何解决这些现状难题是当前国内外的研究重点。基于此，本文从工艺参数优化、沉积质量分析和组织成分调控三个方面对W-LDED技术的研究现状进行了详细介绍，分析了不同参数对成形质量和制造稳定性的影响，提出了优化策略，进一步总结了W-LDED技术当前的应用场景，并对该项技术的未来发展趋势提出了设想，包括材料创新设计与发展多功能复合材料、成形机理研究、建立工艺-缺陷-组织性能预测模型、增/减材一体化制造新方法和大尺寸、高精度、多功能装备开发。

Abstract

With the development of fields such as aviation， aerospace， and navigation， the service conditions for high-end equipment have become increasingly stringent， placing higher demands on the manufacturing industry. Additive manufacturing technology， also known as 3D printing technology， has significant advantages over traditional manufacturing techniques in producing complex shapes and structures， and it is expected to achieve specific location printing and structural printing with unique properties in three-dimensional space. Wire-based laser directed energy deposition （W-LDED） technology， as an important branch of additive manufacturing， has notable advantages such as high efficiency， high precision， and high material utilization， making it promising for applications in the manufacturing of high-end equipment. Despite the many advantages of W-LDED technology， there are still numerous challenges regarding the selection of process parameters， multiple thermal cycles， and the precise control and repeatability of the manufacturing process. The deposition quality and manufacturing stability are influenced by various factors， and addressing these current challenges is a key focus of research both domestically and internationally. Based on this， this paper provides a detailed introduction to the current research status of W-LDED technology from three aspects： process parameter optimization， deposition quality analysis， and microstructural composition control. It analyzes the impact of different parameters on forming quality and manufacturing stability， proposes optimization strategies， summarizes the current application scenarios of W-LDED technology， and presents ideas for the future development trends of this technology，including material innovation and the development of multifuctional composites，research on forming mechanisms，establishing predictive models for process-defect-microstructure property relationships， new hybrid additive/subtractive manufacturing methods，and the development of large-scale，high-precision，and multifuctional equipment.

关键词

增材制造 / 激光熔丝定向能量沉积 / 沉积质量分析 / 组织成分调控

Key words

additive manufacturing / wire laser directed energy deposition / deposition quality analysis / regulation of organ composition

中图分类号

TB31 / TG456.7

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导出引用
袁宇成 , 宋军 , 罗加杰 , 等. 激光熔丝定向能量沉积增材制造技术研究现状与发展趋势. 材料工程. 2025, 53(5): 1-16 https://doi.org/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2024.000744
Yucheng YUAN, Jun SONG, Jiajie LUO, et al. Research advances and development trends of wire-based laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing technology[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering. 2025, 53(5): 1-16 https://doi.org/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2024.000744

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国家重点研发计划(2023YFB4604800)

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