碳/碳（C/C）复合材料在370 ℃以上易氧化，这限制了其在航空航天及军事领域的进一步应用。因此，提高C/C复合材料的耐烧蚀性能尤为重要。本研究以柠檬酸、乙二醇和金属盐溶液为前驱体，采用前驱体浸渍裂解工艺（PIP）和陶瓷化工艺制备了密度为2.00~2.10 g/cm³的C/C-Hf _x Zr_{1- x} C复合材料。研究了不同Hf/Zr比例对C/C-Hf _x Zr_{1- x} C复合材料耐烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明，Hf _x Zr_{1- x} C是一种固溶体陶瓷。随着Hf比例的增加，烧蚀率先减小后增大，其中C/C-Hf_0.5Zr_0.5C的耐烧蚀性能最佳，在3.5 MW/m²热流密度下烧蚀120 s时，C/C-Hf_0.5Zr_0.5C的质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率分别为1.39×10^-2 g/s和7.49×10^-3 mm/s。因为C/C-Hf_0.5Zr_0.5C的氧化产物HfO₂-ZrO₂对纤维和基体的附着力较强，可以减少纤维和基体受到的机械剥蚀，同时HfO₂-ZrO₂混合物的熔点较低，有利于形成HfO₂-ZrO₂的熔融混合物，从而降低氧化层的透氧性。

Carbon/carbon （C/C） composites are prone to oxidation above 370 ℃， which restricts their further utilization in aerospace and military applications. Hence， enhancing the ablation resistance of C/C composites holds paramount significance. This research utilized citric acid， ethylene glycol， and metal salt solutions as precursors to fabricate C/C-Hf _x Zr_{1- x} C composite materials with a density ranging from 2.00 g/cm³ to 2.10 g/cm³ employing the precursor impregnation and pyrolysis （PIP） and ceramicization. The effect of different Hf/Zr ratios on the ablation resistance of C/C-Hf _x Zr_{1- x} C composites is investigated. The results indicate that Hf _x Zr_{1- x} C manifests as a solid solution ceramic. With the increase in Hf proportion， the ablation rate of C/C-Hf _x Zr_{1- x} C composites first decreases and then increases. Among them， C/C-Hf_0.5Zr_0.5C shows superior ablation resistance. When ablated for 120 s at a heat flux density of 3.5 MW/m²， the mass ablation rate and linear ablation rate of C/C-Hf_0.5Zr_0.5C are 1.39×10^-2 g/s and 7.49×10^-3 mm/s， respectively. This superiority can be attributed to the strong adhesion of the oxidation product HfO₂-ZrO₂ to the fiber and matrix in C/C-Hf_0.5Zr_0.5C， thereby mitigating mechanical erosion on the fiber and matrix. Simultaneously， the lower melting point of the HfO₂-ZrO₂ mixture facilitates the formation of a molten mixture of HfO₂-ZrO₂， consequently reducing the oxygen permeability of the oxide layer.