化妆棉衍生纤维状钴/碳复合材料的高效电磁波吸收

陈博文, 强荣, 邵玉龙, 马茜, 杨啸, 马子硕, 刘畅, 薛瑞

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材料工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3) : 203-215. DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2024.000264
研究论文

化妆棉衍生纤维状钴/碳复合材料的高效电磁波吸收

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Cosmetic cotton-derived fibrous Co/C composites for highly efficient microwave absorption properties

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摘要

随着电子信息产业的迅猛发展,电磁辐射问题日益严重,迫切需要一种质量轻、成本低的电磁吸收材料。本研究采用金属有机框架衍生法和高温退火策略获得钴/碳纤维复合材料,其中,化妆棉作为碳纤维的生物质前驱体,ZIF-67颗粒均匀负载于棉纤维表面,经碳化得到钴/碳纳米粒子均匀负载于碳纤维表面的钴/碳纤维复合材料。SEM结果显示,Co颗粒在碳纤维基质上呈现出均匀分散的状态,均匀分布的钴纳米颗粒提供了一个磁耦合网络,并与碳纤维形成丰富的非均相界面,增强了界面极化,有利于复合材料的宽带吸收行为。测试结果表明,Co/C-650材料的厚度仅为1.5 mm,17.76 GHz下最小反射损耗为-42.03 dB,同时吸收带宽可达3.68 GHz,并且雷达散射截面值达到-26.8 dB·m2。这种优异的电磁波吸收性能得益于界面极化引起的介电损耗、磁共振引起的磁损耗以及微纳层次纤维结构中的多次反射和散射。本工作为制造轻量级、高功效的碳纤维基吸波材料提供了思路。

Abstract

Due to the increasing interference and pollution of electromagnetic radiation, there is an urgent need for lightweight and low-cost electromagnetic absorbing materials. In this study, carbon fiber Co/C functional composites with Co nanoparticle coatings are prepared. Among them, ZIF-67 particles are in-situ grown on the surface of cosmetic cotton, and then the lightweight Co/C precursor is prepared by direct carbonization method. The SEM image shows that the Co particles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the carbon fiber, and the uniformly distributed cobalt nanoparticles provide a magnetic coupling network and form a rich non-homogeneous interface with the carbon fiber, enhancing the interfacial polarization, and benefiting the broadband absorption behavior of the composite. The test results show that the thickness of Co/C-650 material is only 1.5 mm, the minimum reflection loss at 17.76 GHz is -42.03 dB, the effective absorption bandwidth is up to 3.68 GHz, and the radar cross section value is up to -26.8 dB·m2. This excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance is attributed to the dielectric loss by interfacial polarization, magnetic loss by magnetic resonance, and multiple reflections and scatterings in the micro- and nano-level fiber structure. This study provides an idea for preparing ultralight, low-cost, sustainable microwave absorbers with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption capability.

关键词

吸波 / Co/C复合材料 / 生物质 / 介电损耗

Key words

microwave absorption / Co/C composites / biomass / dielectric loss

中图分类号

TB34

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陈博文 , 强荣 , 邵玉龙 , . 化妆棉衍生纤维状钴/碳复合材料的高效电磁波吸收. 材料工程. 2025, 53(3): 203-215 https://doi.org/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2024.000264
Bowen CHEN, Rong QIANG, Yulong SHAO, et al. Cosmetic cotton-derived fibrous Co/C composites for highly efficient microwave absorption properties[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering. 2025, 53(3): 203-215 https://doi.org/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2024.000264

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基金

国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51902359)
河南省重点研发与推广专项项目(242102231067)
校级自然科学面上项目(K2023MS009)
青年骨干教师项目(2020XQG02)
青年硕导培育计划项目(2023)
中原工学院研究生科研创新项目(YKY2023ZK01)

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