钠离子电池的机遇与挑战

潘文涛, 余新玲, 杨续来, 宣萍

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材料工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (7) : 1-14. DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2023.000637
钠离子电池产业化专栏

钠离子电池的机遇与挑战

作者信息 +

Opportunities and challenges of sodium-ion battery

Author information +
History +

摘要

随着新能源汽车的快速发展和大规模储能的应用,锂离子电池面临资源短缺及价格波动等市场风险。相比之下,钠离子电池因其资源丰富等优势而迎来了全新的发展机遇,有望在大规模电化学储能和低速电动汽车领域与锂离子电池形成互补。然而,尽管钠离子电池研究热度呈爆发式增长,商业化步伐在国内外已经起步,具备了一定的市场和技术条件,但与成熟的锂离子电池体系相比,依旧存在诸多挑战。本文主要从商业化角度出发,简要概述了钠离子电池的发展历史与产业现状。基于现有的储钠电极材料体系,重点分析了当前钠离子电池关键的正/负极材料、成本及应用前景。最后,对未来的发展机遇与挑战进行了展望,旨在为钠离子电池产业的进一步发展提供参考。

Abstract

As new energy vehicles proliferate and energy storage systems scale up, lithium-ion batteries confront market risks stemming from resource scarcity and price volatility. In this context, sodium-ion batteries have emerged as a promising alternative, leveraging their abundant resources to potentially complement lithium-ion batteries in large-scale electrochemical energy storage and low-speed electric vehicles. Despite the rapid surge in sodium-ion battery research and the onset of commercialization initiatives globally, several market and technological prerequisites persist, posing challenges compared to the well-established lithium-ion battery system. This article provides a concise overview of sodium-ion batteries from a commercialization perspective, tracing their development history and current industry standing. It delves into the core positive and negative electrode materials, costs, and application prospects within the existing sodium storage electrode material systems. Additionally, the article presents a forward-looking analysis of future opportunities and challenges, aiming to guide further advancements in the sodium-ion battery industry.

关键词

钠离子电池 / 锂离子电池 / 成本 / 产业化

Key words

sodium-ion battery / lithium-ion battery / cost / industrialization

中图分类号

TM911

引用本文

导出引用
潘文涛 , 余新玲 , 杨续来 , . 钠离子电池的机遇与挑战. 材料工程. 2025, 53(7): 1-14 https://doi.org/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2023.000637
Wentao PAN, Xinling YU, Xulai YANG, et al. Opportunities and challenges of sodium-ion battery[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering. 2025, 53(7): 1-14 https://doi.org/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2023.000637

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基金

安徽省科技重大专项项目(2021e03020001)
安徽省科技重大专项项目(202203a05020017)
安徽省质检院新能源电动汽车高压零部件检验检测公共服务平台项目(2021-445)

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