磷酸铁钠（NaFePO₄，NFP）正极材料具有稳定的三维结构和较高的理论比容量（154 mAh·g^-1）等优势，被认为是有潜力的钠离子电池关键材料之一。NFP分为橄榄石型和磷铁钠矿型两种晶体结构，橄榄石型NFP正极材料具有较高的放电比容量和良好的循环性能，但由于结构上的热力学不稳定，较难通过常规方法合成；磷铁钠矿型NFP虽然具有稳定的晶体结构，却因缺乏良好的钠离子扩散通道，呈现出明显的电化学惰性特征。本文基于对NFP正极材料两种晶体结构特征的分析和总结，综述了NFP材料合成方法（固相法、水热法、置换法和静电纺丝法等）和改性措施（晶体结构调控和材料表面改性等）的研究进展，指出了不同合成方法的优缺点；最后，针对目前面临的挑战和潜在的解决方案进行总结和展望，以期推动NFP材料在钠离子电池中的实用化进程。

Sodium iron phosphate （NaFePO₄， NFP）， a cathode material renowned for its stable three-dimensional structure and high theoretical specific capacity of 154 mAh·g^-1， stands out as a pivotal component in sodium ion batteries. NFP exists in two distinct crystal structures： triphylite and maricite. The triphylite variety boasts a long lifespan and high reversible capacity， yet its structural thermodynamic instability poses challenges for conventional synthesis methods. Conversely， the maricite structure is stable but exhibits electrochemically inert characteristics due to the absence of cationic transport channels. Both structures suffer from low conductivity and sluggish reaction kinetics， hindering their industrial applications. This paper delves into the characteristics of these two crystal structures and summarizes various synthesis methods， including solid-state， hydrothermal， displacement， and electrospinning， as well as modification techniques such as crystal structure regulation and material surface modification. Additionally， it identifies the key challenges faced by NFP cathodes and presents potential solutions， while also outlining future research directions.