
涡轮叶片用合金材料的薄壁效应研究进展
陈家万, 曹铁山, 胡叶兵, 程从前, 赵杰
涡轮叶片用合金材料的薄壁效应研究进展
Research progress in thin-wall effect of alloy materials for turbine blades
近年来,随着航空航天技术的飞快发展,对发动机热效率和轻质化的要求越来越高,导致涡轮叶片的壁厚不断减小。然而,壁厚减小导致叶片用合金材料性能下降,即薄壁效应。因此,薄壁效应的研究对涡轮发动机安全稳定运行具有重要意义。但是,薄壁效应产生的原因和规律十分复杂。基于此,本文综述了实验条件、材料的表面状态、涂层、多晶、单晶及合金的各向异性等方面对叶片用合金材料薄壁效应的影响规律,并根据薄壁效应的机理和模型,归纳了3种典型情况:氧化损伤模型、氧化-蠕变损伤模型和基于裂纹扩展的分析。由于氧化作用和硬脆相的存在,工件在服役过程中不可避免地产生裂纹,基于裂纹扩展分析表明裂纹扩展与薄壁效应有着明显的相关性,这为未来薄壁效应的研究提供了新思路。
In recent years, with the rapid development of aerospace technology, the requirements for engine thermal efficiency and light weight are getting higher and higher, resulting in the continuous reduction of the wall thickness of turbine blades. However, the reduction in wall thickness leads to decreased properties of the alloy material for blades, i.e., the thin-wall effect. Therefore, the study of the thin-wall effect is of great significance to the safe and stable operation of turbine engines. However, the reasons and laws of the thin-wall effect are very complicated. Based on this, this paper reviews the influence of experimental conditions, surface states of materials, coatings, polycrystals, single crystals, and anisotropy of alloys on the thin-wall effect of alloy materials for blades, and summarizes three typical cases according to the mechanism and model of the thin-wall effect: the oxidative damage model, the oxidation-creep damage model and an analysis based on crack growth. Due to oxidation and the presence of hard and brittle phases, cracks are inevitably generated in the workpiece during service. Based on the crack growth analysis, it is shown that there is a significant correlation between crack growth and thin-wall effect, providing new insights for future research on thin-wall effects.
thin-wall effect / turbine blade / nickel-based superalloy / creep
TG132.3+3 / TB31
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