通过TCAD器件建模，建立了PIN二极管的电热耦合模型，搭建PIN限幅器HPM耦合仿真电路以进行高功率微波效应仿真。仿真得到了不同频率下PIN限幅器瞬态电压响应以及PIN二极管内部电场、载流子、结温分布。仿真结果表明，在HPM耦合电压作用下，PIN限幅器平顶泄漏负向电压随频率增大而降低，PIN限幅器平顶泄漏正向电压随频率增大而降低。PIN二极管内部PIN限幅器的限幅能力随微波频率增加先增强后减弱。HPM频率较低时PIN二极管内部晶格温度积累集中于I层界面处，随着频率升高，晶格温度积累集中于I层中间位置，因此频率变化会造成PIN限幅器的HPM毁伤敏感位置变化。

随着全球变化加剧，地-气界面作为地球系统中关键的物质与能量交换界面，成为理解气候变化、生态演变以及地球系统反馈机制的重要窗口。地-气界面过程涉及大气与陆地、海洋之间的能量与物质交换，是陆地和海洋生态系统动态变化的核心，直接影响地球系统的演变。地-气界面科学研究对于深入理解地球系统的动力学过程至关重要，是地球系统科学中的重要前沿问题之一。本文首先概述了地球系统科学视角下的地-气界面科学研究，总结了地球系统结构中的地-气界面及其作用，以及地-气界面物质与能量交换过程与全球变化的关系。其次，综述了地-气界面过程对大气环境的影响，地-气界面过程对生态系统的碳、氮等元素循环、水循环及其功能服务的影响，以及陆-海-气系统作用与全球气候变化。最后，提出了地-气界面科学研究的前沿与挑战，包括建设地-气界面科学的多尺度跨学科研究体系，如天-地-空立体观测系统优化、地-气界面过程的模式研究与多尺度耦合机制、人工智能时代的地-气界面科学研究等，极地、高山和滨海等生态和气候敏感区的地-气界面过程及影响等。地-气界面科学研究将在气候变化应对、生态环境保护和可持续发展等领域发挥更加重要的作用。

[目的]本文旨在研究不同特肥产品的养分效应及其施用方法，为玉米高产栽培提供理论依据。[方法]以市场主流特肥产品为研究对象，按其功能分类后布置盆栽试验，测试特肥产品对玉米生长的促进作用。通过Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析对玉米的14个指标进行综合评价，筛选出优质高效的特肥产品并予以复配施用。试验设10个处理：CK1（不施肥）、CK2（常规施肥）、T1（有机肥O12+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M7）、T2（有机肥O12+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M7）、T3（有机肥O12+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M1）、T4（有机肥O12+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M1）、T5（有机肥O2+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M7）、T6（有机肥O2+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M7）、T7（有机肥O2+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M1）、T8（有机肥O2+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M1）,每处理3次重复，按随机区组排列设计。[结果]与CK1处理相比，特肥处理显著增加土壤的速效氮、有效磷、速效钾含量（P<0.05）,然而CK2处理土壤的速效氮、有效磷、速效钾含量在整个生育期中均维持最高水平，6叶期（35 d）时分别达到46.0、38.9和179.6 mg·kg^-1。玉米根系扫描结果显示，T4处理对玉米根系发育具有明显促进作用，与CK2处理相比，其总根长、根体积、根总表面积、根尖数均显著增加，其增幅分别为35.5%、43.9%、42.2%和28.9%。各特肥处理也均促进了玉米对矿物质营养的吸收利用，根、茎、叶的N、P、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺等元素含量明显增加。同时，特肥处理均显著促进玉米生长，其中T4处理均显著增加玉米株高、茎粗、茎叶鲜重、根鲜重。[结论]由有机肥、无机肥、生物刺激素复配而成的特肥能促进玉米营养吸收，协调玉米根系与茎叶生长，其中T4处理(3.0 t·hm^-2有机肥O12+45.0 kg·hm^-2无机肥I3+稀释20 000倍生物刺激素M1复配)为玉米最佳特肥施用方法。

The in-depth analysis of the development process of the delta front is of great significance for the judgment of the sedimentary environment,and it is necessary to deeply explore the formation characteristics and mechanism of the delta front from the perspective of hydrodynamics. In this study,the vertical distribution of the flow velocity in river water bodies and the development characteristics of delta front sedimentary bodies are investigated,from multiple perspectives of hydrodynamics,flume experiments,and underwater geomorphological observations. The results show that the phenomenon of river flow velocity,exhibiting a monotonic decrease with depth,has not been given sufficient attention. The terrain undulation of the middle and lower reaches of the riverbed increases with the flow direction,resulting in the underwater sand waves perpendicular to the flow direction,while the terrain undulation of the river section perpendicular to the flow direction becomes more and more gentle. During the process of rivers entering the sea,there will be a mainstream channel without branching channels underwater. Additionally,the originally undulating riverbed will gradually be filled up,changing from a sharp V-shaped or W-shaped to a U-shaped. It can be concluded that most of the front edge of the delta are sheet-like or fan-shaped,rather than a strip of erosion surface along the flow direction. Microfacies such as underwater distributary channels and bays do not develop in the delta front subfacies,which cannot be found in the modern delta front subfacies and are not supported by flume experiments. Furthermore,a water depth velocity interaction model for river channel and delta sedimentation is proposed.

In recent years，significant progress has been made in diabetes research both domestically and internationally，new diagnosis and treatment techniques and methods have been constantly emerging，and clinical research evidence has been continuously accumulated and updated. To keep pace with these important developments，the Diabetes Branch of the Chinese Medical Association has actively organized experts to update the China Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes. This update aims to provide a more comprehensive and scientific guide for diabetes prevention and treatment，greatly promote the standardized and integrated management of diabetes by clinicians，and ensure that patients receive standardized and personalized treatment plans to improve therapeutic outcomes and quality of life.

The upper Oligocene Huagang Formation is crucial for oil and gas exploration in the central and southern Xihu sag of the East China Sea Shelf Basin. However,there has been ongoing debate on the sedimentary system,and limited research has been conducted on the characteristics of sand body architecture and the controlling factors. This paper studied the sedimentary environment,microfacies types,sand body architecture,and controlling factors of the upper Oligocene Huagang Formation through a comprehensive analysis of core,logging,and seismic data. The upper Huagang Formation in the central-south part of Xihu sag shows shallow-water delta plain sedimentation,with distributary channels being the predominant type of sand body. These distributary channels are categorized into three types based on their curvature: braided(curvature=1~1.05),meandering(curvature>1.15),and braided-meander transition(curvature=1.05~1.15). The sand bodies found in braided distributary channels are wide and thick,with intertwined wide bands. Channel bars in these channels are arranged in a speckled pattern. The sand body’s vertical stacking style is mainly characterized as incised stacking. In contrast,the sand bodies in meandering channels are narrow and thin,appearing as either single strip type or bifurcation-merging type in the planar direction. Thick sand layers are distributed as point bars in the channel margin,and the vertical stacking style is mostly isolated. The braided-meandering type of diversion channel is a transitional type between braided and meandering channels. It is characterized by moderate-sized channel sand bodies containing inner channel bars and point bars. The thickness and width of these distributary channels are positively correlated in a logarithmic manner. The ratio of width to thickness follows the pattern of braided type>transitional type>meandering type. The architecture characteristics of distributary channels are primarily influenced by paleogeomorphology and changes in base levels. Paleogeomorphology controls changes in channel types within shallow water delta plain,and low curvature braided distributary channels are more likely to develop in steep terrain. As the long-term base level increases,the size of distributary channels decreases,while a rise in mid-term base level has resulted in the transition of distributary channel sand bodies from incised to superimposed and isolated stacking types. This research enhances our understanding of the sedimentary structure of shallow water deltas and provides valuable guidance for predicting and developing distributary channel reservoirs in underground shallow water deltas within oil and gas fields.

Silicate rocks are factors that influence the global carbon cycle as well as climate change by chemically reacting with carbon dioxide,removing atmospheric carbon dioxide and sequestering it in weathering products or ocean carbonate rocks. Quantifying the total amount of carbon dioxide consumed by weathering of global silicate rocks is key to understanding the Earth’s current and past climate change. This paper systematically investigates the data sources,research methods,calculation formulas,and main influencing factors of five quantitative models of chemical weathering-CO₂ consumption of silicate rocks. The CO₂ consumption calculated by the latest Celine model serves as a reference standard for comparing the advantages,disadvantages and scope of application of each model. The existing models estimate the global carbon dioxide consumption of chemical weathering of rock silicate rocks to be 69-169 Tg/yr,in which the main parameters of each model include climate(temperature,runoff)and lithology,and the secondary parameters include tectonic uplift,volcanism and plant interaction. Future exploration of the quantitative calculation of carbon dioxide consumed by the chemical weathering of silicate rocks should consider more control effects and the interconnections between factors. In addition,the use of big data analysis methods to generalize these quantitative models to the reconstruction of the palaeoclimate of the deep earth may be a future research trend.

[目的]为实现香蕉枯萎病的有效防控，本研究拟构建对香蕉枯萎病具有抑制作用的生物防治菌群。[方法]利用平板对峙法从香蕉枯萎病的抑病型土壤中分离筛选对香蕉枯萎病菌(尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型4号生理小种)具有抑制作用的菌株，并通过16S rRNA测序技术对菌株进行鉴定，通过室内培养试验测定菌株产生长素和生物膜形成能力，结合室内共培养试验和盆栽试验探究构建的菌群对香蕉枯萎病的抑制作用。[结果]分离筛选到的4株拮抗菌均对香蕉枯萎病菌表现出较强的抑制作用，16S rRNA序列检测结果表明，其分别为芽胞杆菌(Bacillus sp.)、链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.)、芽胞杆菌(Bacillus sp.)、肠杆菌(Enterobacter sp.);室内培养试验发现，分离筛选的4株拮抗菌具有较强的产生长素和生物膜形成能力；体外共培养研究结果进一步发现，由4株菌组成的合成菌群表现出最强的抑制效果，相比于对照，抑菌率增加了93.6%;盆栽试验证实该合成菌群能有效在香蕉植株根际定殖，并显著降低病原菌数量，相比于对照，其病原菌数量降低了92.13%。[结论]成功分离筛选并构建了一个由4株细菌组成的抑病菌群，盆栽条件下其能明显抑制香蕉枯萎病病原菌的增殖，为利用有益微生物防控香蕉枯萎病提供了一定的技术支撑。

Lung-diaphragmatic protective ventilation aims to limit damage to the lung and diaphragm during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. The dynamic monitoring of respiratory drive and inspiratory effort is the focus of the clinical strategies for implementating lung-diaphragm protective ventilation strategies. This paper reviews the existing indicators for dynamic monitoring of respiratory drive and inspiratory effort at the three levels of respiratory muscle, pressure change, and pulmonary ventilation according to the physiological pathway of respiratory drive and discusses their significance, acquisition methods, and thresholds.

地球系统模式是理解和预测全球变化的核心工具，近年来取得了显著进展。其性能提升体现在圈层耦合过程的精细化发展，以及圈层内复杂物理和化学过程的逐步引入。不确定性的降低则得益于新方法和新技术的发展和应用。然而，地球系统模式仍面临诸多挑战，包括对复杂交互过程的表征能力不足、社会-生态系统过程模拟的局限性，以及区域极端事件模拟能力的提升需求。未来的发展需深化跨学科协作，借助新技术强化数据获取与模型预测能力，同时聚焦社会-生态系统过程及其影响机制的研究，以增强对区域极端事件的模拟与预测能力，构建完善的陆-海-气-人相互耦合的新一代地球系统模式，为人类社会的可持续发展及全球变化的应对和预测提供更科学的支撑。

准确识别运动想象脑电信号是神经科学和生物医学工程领域的重要挑战。设计了基于位串行卷积神经网络加速器的脑电信号识别系统，充分利用其小体积、低能耗和高实时性的优势。从软件层面，介绍了脑电数据的预处理、特征提取及分类过程，并采用格拉姆角场转换将一维信号映射为二维特征图供网络处理。在硬件层面，提出了列暂存数据流和固定乘数原位串行乘法器等方法，在FPGA上实现了位串行卷积神经网络加速器的原型验证。实验表明，基于位串行LeNet-5加速器的FPGA实现对BCI竞赛Ⅳ数据集2a和2b的分类平均准确率分别达到95.68%和97.32%,kappa值分别为0.942和0.946，展现出的优异性为运动想象脑电信号识别的高效实现提供了思路。

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,放射治疗可有效改善乳腺癌患者的预后.为了提高乳腺癌的放射治疗效果,本文基于表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）、右旋精氨酸（D-Arg）与甲醛在水介质中的化学反应驱动自组装,制备了复合纳米粒子（E-DA NPs）,并探究了其放射增敏效应.该复合纳米粒子可有效提高EGCG药物递送的半衰期和生物利用度,抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,增强射线对肿瘤细胞的杀伤效应;同时,肿瘤微环境中高浓度H₂O₂与D-Arg反应释放NO,进而降低DNA损伤修复水平,影响细胞增殖,增强肿瘤细胞的放疗敏感性,提高肿瘤的控制率和治愈率.本研究通过构筑多酚-精氨酸自组装纳米药物,为开发肿瘤微环境响应性的新型放射增敏药物提供了新的方向.

目的 回顾性分析代谢因素与高危结直肠腺瘤（colorectal adenoma,CRA）之间的关系。方法 收集2000年7月至2017年3月在新疆克拉玛依市中心医院首次接受结直肠镜检查的18～75岁患者的病历资料。采用非配对t检验比较结直肠镜正常（normal colonoscopy,NC）和高危CRA患者之间的差异，分类差异则使用χ²检验。通过最小绝对收缩和选择算子（least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO）回归和Logistic回归分析影响高危CRA的代谢相关因素。结果 共纳入1 798例符合标准的病例，其中NC组972例，高危CRA组826例。高危CRA组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）水平显著低于NC组，而尿酸和肝纤维4因子（fibrosis 4,FIB-4）指数水平显著高于NC组（P均<0.05）。基于LASSO回归分析筛选出12个与高危CRA发生相关的变量，分别是年龄、性别、吸烟史、饮酒史、非酒精性脂肪性肝病（non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD）、高血压、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、高血糖、高总胆固醇血症、低HDL-C血症、高水平谷丙转氨酶和高水平γ-谷氨酰转肽酶。Logistic回归分析提示，年长（≥50岁）、男性、吸烟史、饮酒史、低HDL-C血症、NAFLD和高血压史是高危CRA的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。在未校正和校正年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒史4个变量的情况下，高TG/HDL-C比值（≥2.68）的患者发生高危CRA的风险显著高于低TG/HDL-C比值（<2.68）的患者（OR分别为1.430和1.235,P均<0.05）；在未校正和校正变量的情况下，FIB-4指数>2.67的NAFLD患者发生高危CRA的OR分别为1.849和1.435（P=0.466、0.707）。结论 代谢因素与高危CRA之间存在显著关联。年长（≥50岁）、男性、吸烟史、饮酒史、低HDL-C血症、NAFLD和高血压史是高危CRA的独立危险因素；高TG/HDL-C比值（≥2.68）的患者发生高危CRA的风险显著增加。提示代谢异常的老年男性可能是结直肠镜筛查的重点人群。

目的 探讨多模式神经电生理监测在脊柱骨折行椎弓根螺钉内固定术(PSF)中的应用价值。方法 选择2020年5月至2023年5月开封市中心医院骨科收治的因外伤致脊柱骨折的58例患者，均行PSF治疗，术中实施体感诱发电位(SEP)、运动诱发电位(MEP)及肌电图(EMG)多模式神经电生理监测，比较患者手术前后胫后神经的神经电生理指标、伤椎后凸Cobb角、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及日本骨科协会(JOA)腰椎评分。患者术后行CT复查评估螺钉发生破壁情况，以Gertzbein分级≥1级为标准，分析多模式神经电生理监测报警的准确性。结果 58例患者均成功进行手术，手术时间为(143.72±14.38) min、出血量为(175.92±24.62) mL、术后首次下床时间为(5.68±1.15) d、住院时间为(9.35±1.48) d;术后患者胫后神经SEP潜伏期缩短，波幅及运动神经、感觉神经传导速度均升高(P<0.05);术后患者后凸Cobb角及VAS评分低于术前，JOA评分高于术前(P<0.05);58例患者共置入螺钉384枚，46枚(11.98%)螺钉置入时神经电生理监测报警。术后CT复查Gertzbein分级0级337枚(87.76%)、≥1级47枚(12.24%),SEP、MEP和EMG监测的敏感性分别为91.49%、87.23%和59.57%,特异性分别为94.66%、92.58%和89.32%;多模式监测的敏感性为97.87%,特异性为96.74%。结论 多模式神经电生理监测可准确发现PSF术中置入螺钉时患者发生神经损伤的情况，提醒术者修正手术操作，使患者术后脊柱神经功能获得较大改善。

将采用硅胶废料(SGW)制备的多孔二氧化硅(PSD)作为载体,以癸酸-十六醇(DA-HD)作为基础相变材料,制备了复合相变材料癸酸-十六醇/多孔二氧化硅(PSD-DA-HD),并引入膨胀石墨(EG)来增强其导热能力.采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析法(TGA)和热常数分析法对复合相变材料的热性能进行了评价.将复合相变材料与水泥砂浆按比例进行共混,形成相变砂浆,研究了相变砂浆在模拟应用实验中的控温能力.结果表明, DA-HD通过物理作用被包裹在PSD孔隙中,负载能力可达61.7%,其焓值为105.6 J/g,负载后的PSD-DA-HD复合相变材料具有定型性.膨胀石墨的引入可使PSD/EG-DA-HD复合相变材料的导热系数增至0.9513 W/(m·K),但其负载能力降至49.5%,焓值变为88.1 J/g. PSD-DA-HD和PSD/EG-DA-HD的最高工作温度为92.2℃,在该温度以下可确保材料具有热稳定性.将PSD-DA-HD和PSD/EG-DA-HD分别与水泥砂浆进行共混,制成的相变砂浆C-PSD-DA-HD和C-PSD/EG-DA-HD均具有良好的储热控温特性,在18～32℃范围内分别可维持12.7和6.7 min.在模拟实验中,与没有相变材料的空白组相比,含有PSD-DA-HD的相变砂浆在18～32℃范围内的控温时间增加了267.92%.

目的 恶病质作为一种全身消耗性疾病，其主要特点为难以逆转的全身骨骼肌质量减少，严重损害患者健康状态。进一步解析恶病质引起骨骼肌消耗的机制以探寻潜在治疗靶点是改善恶病质患者生存质量的重要策略。方法 利用Incucyte持续观察肿瘤细胞上清对成肌细胞增殖、迁移能力的影响，并利用流式细胞术检测成肌细胞凋亡水平改变。通过RT-qPCR检测分析肿瘤细胞上清对体外诱导分化肌管的成肌分化、肌肉萎缩及脂质过氧化等相关基因的表达。利用细胞成像和流式细胞术共同检测肿瘤细胞上清诱导的成肌细胞线粒体损伤情况。结果 通过体外模拟恶病质对成肌细胞和肌管的影响，观察到在肿瘤上清刺激下，成肌细胞迁移能力减弱、细胞凋亡加剧。且诱导分化后的成肌相关基因表达下调、肌肉萎缩相关基因表达上调，同时伴随脂质过氧化，进一步研究发现成肌细胞线粒体膜电位出现了明显变化。结论 恶病质可通过诱导脂质过氧化和线粒体损伤造成骨骼肌萎缩，保护线粒体不受恶病质因子的损伤可能是治疗恶病质骨骼肌减少的潜在策略。

小眼球是一种先天性眼部发育异常，主要表现为眼球体积明显缩小，常合并白内障等眼部疾患。由于其特殊的解剖特点，小眼球合并白内障手术的术中、术后并发症风险较高。白内障术中联合巩膜瓣下巩膜切除术、周边虹膜切开术、前段玻璃体切割术等术式可降低原有并发症的发生率，但附加术式也可能带来新的并发症。深入了解小眼球的白内障术式及其并发症预防的研究进展，对于合理选择术式、降低脉络膜渗漏综合征及脉络膜出血、继发性青光眼、角膜水肿等手术并发症的发生率、改善手术治疗效果具有重要意义。

Over the years，the American Diabetes Association（ADA） has been actively committed to the development and promotion of standards for the diagnosis，treatment，and daily care of diabetes. Since 1989，it has updated the diabetes diagnosis and treatment standards every year，which have become one of the most authoritative guidelines in diabetes and have been recognized and adopted by various countries. On December 10，2024，the 2025 Standards of Care in Diabetes were released，incorporating the latest evidence-based medicine content related to diabetes and its complications and comorbidities. It aims to provide guidance on the diagnosis，treatment，and management of the condition for clinicians，patients and their families，and researchers. This article interprets the major updates from the Standards.

Objective  To establish an experimental protocol for inducing human macrophages into scar-associated macrophages (SAMs) in vitro. To investigate the mechanism underlying SAMs regulating hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Methods  Published single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data, which were obtained from human or murine fibrotic liver tissues, were used to study the expression of fibrosis-related genes in SAMs. Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and plasminogen (PLG) were used to induce the transformation of human monocyte THP-1 into SAMs. SAM supernatant was collected to culture with LX-2. The expressions of SAM markers, fibrosis-related genes and HSC activation markers were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-qPCR）. Results  scRNA-seq revealed that SAMs were detected in both mouse fibrotic livers or human injured liver. SAMs highly expressed fibrosis-related genes such as SPP1, CTSD. PMA and PLG increased the expressions of SAM markers CD9, TRME2, LGALS3, CD63 in THP-1. Fibrosis-related genes SPP1, CTSD were highly expressed by SAMs. The supernatant of SAMs activated LX-2. Conclusion  SAMs are accumulated in mouse or human liver injury/fibrosis caused by different causes, and represent similar characteristics and functions. PMA and PLG induce the transformation of human monocyte THP-1 into SAMs. SAMs promote the activation of HSCs via SPP1 and CTSD, thus promoting the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis.

Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary system，and its treatment relies on accurate detection and long-term monitoring，which are crucial for improving patient’s prognosis. Currently，cystoscopy is the primary method for diagnosing and monitoring bladder cancer，but its invasive nature poses significant discomfort to patients. Liquid biopsy，which non-invasively detects biomarkers such as DNA，RNA，and proteins in body fluids for information no disease status，has gained increasing attention in recent years for its potential in invasive tumor detection. Liquid biopsy holds promise as a novel approach to diagnosing and monitoring bladder cancer.

[目的]针对水稻病虫害图像分类技术缺少对病症描述的问题，本文提出一种轻量化的水稻病虫害图像描述模型，对水稻病虫害图像进行更为具体的描述。[方法]以白叶枯病、细菌性条斑病、恶苗病、三化螟虫、稻瘟病、稻曲病、纹枯病、飞虱、稻蓟马、胡麻斑病这十类常见的水稻病虫害开展研究，构建了水稻病虫害图像中文描述数据集。首先采用多模态预训练模型CLIP生成图像向量，其中包含基本的图像信息以及丰富的语义信息，采用映射网络将图像向量映射到文本空间里生成文本提示向量，语言模型GPT-2根据文本提示向量生成图像描述。[结果]在水稻病虫害图像描述数据集上，本文模型的指标总体明显优于其他模型，本文算法的BLEU-1、BLEU-2、BLEU-3、BLEU-4、ROUGE、METEOR指标较传统的CNN＿LSTM模型分别提升0.26、0.27、0.24、0.22、0.22、0.14。生成的图像描述具有准确、详细、语义丰富等优点。另外使用实际稻田图片对模型进行测试，实际田间的场景更为复杂多样，生成的图像描述指标与数据集指标对比总体仅有轻微下降，仍高于其他对比模型。本文模型对水稻病虫害的总体识别准确率达97.28%。[结论]基于多模态预训练模型的水稻病虫害图像描述方法能够准确识别水稻病虫害病症并形成相应的病症描述，为水稻病虫害检测提供一种新思路。

移动机器人作为智能勘探与侦察的自动化装备，在航天探测、抢险救灾等领域具有广阔的应用前景．轮腿式移动机器人因具有良好的机动性与越障能力而受到青睐．然而现有轮腿式移动机器人机身大多不可变形，导致机器人运动模式较少，地形适应性一般．且机身易与障碍物发生碰撞，无法在具备良好的爬坡能力的同时保证跨越障碍物的效率．针对上述问题，本文提出了一种采用多连杆可变形机构作为机身的轮腿式移动机器人．在设计机器人轮腿及可变形机身的基础上，建立机器人整体运动学模型，据此规划机器人3种运动模式：同步步态、翻滚步态和蜷曲-伸展步态．开展机器人在典型地形(平坦地面、松软地形、上升坡度、下降坡度、障碍物)下的运动性能分析，揭示机器人结构参数与地形特征(爬坡角度、障碍物高度)映射关系．最后基于理论分析结果搭建物理样机并开展实验．实验结果表明，本文所设计的多模式轮腿移动机器人的最大爬坡角度和越障高度分别为44°和28 mm，具有良好的爬坡能力与越障性能．此外，得益于多模式运动特点，机器人在包含平坦地面及松软地形在内的多地形下均具有良好的通过性，验证了机器人方案的可行性．本文为多模式轮腿运动机器人的设计与应用提供有益参考．

TAFRO综合征是一种病因不明的全身炎症性疾病，其发病率低、病情进展迅速，对该病作出及时诊断与合理治疗，是临床医师面临的巨大挑战。本文回顾性分析了复旦大学附属闵行医院收治的1例iMCD-TAFRO患者，该患者男性，65岁，因双下肢水肿就诊于肾内科，患者全身水肿、发热、全身多枚淋巴结肿大。完善检查示：血小板减少、肾功能不全、CRP升高、多浆膜腔积液、骨髓网状纤维化等。为进一步诊治就诊于复旦大学附属中山医院血液科门诊，结合患者临床表现，考虑诊断TAFRO综合征可能。经进一步淋巴结病理会诊后明确诊断为特发性多中心型Castleman病（idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease,iMCD）-TAFRO综合征。后患者转入复旦大学附属闵行医院血液科，经甲强龙、环孢素A、利妥昔单抗、促血小板生成素治疗15天后病情无明显好转，因个人原因放弃进一步治疗，2周后患者死亡。

As a key interface connecting the deep-time Earth's internal and external systems,paleo-landscape reconstruction provides an important way for studying deep Earth sciences. The development of computer simulation tools makes it possible to reconstruct deep-time dynamic paleo-landscape. Badlands(Basin and Landscape Dynamics)and goSPL(Global Scalable Paleo Landscape Evolution)software are designed to understand the evolution of surface Earth system and its interaction with the solid Earth system,by combining factors of different spheres such as deep tectonic process,precipitation and sea level change. Based on these new technical basis,some achievements have been made,e.g. regional models that reproduce the topographic inversion and drainage reorganization processes in East Asia and global models that couple the landscape dynamics with the Phanerozoic diversification of the biosphere. However,some differences among different paleo-landscape reconstruction models arise due to uncertainty in elevation proxy indicators. In addition,it is difficult to make the simulated results to be completely consistent with the high-precision geological observation records. It is urgent to carry out global paleo-landscape models of ultra-high resolution in time and space.

为研究GFRP-橡胶混凝土-钢双管组合柱（GFRP-rubber concrete-steel double-skin tubular columns,RCDSTCs）的轴压性能，对7个长柱试件进行了轴压试验。观察RC-DSTCs在轴压状态下的破坏模式，基于荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线和环向-轴向应变曲线分析了长细比、空心率对RC-DSTCs轴压性能的影响，提出了RC-DSTCs的轴压理论承载力计算式。结果表明：随着长细比的提高，RC-DSTCs的轴压破坏模式由材料破坏向弯曲失稳破坏转化，但所有RC-DSTCs的钢管均达到了屈服应变0.2%；同时，随着长细比的提高，RC-DSTCs的峰值荷载、GFRP管约束作用及延性显著降低；而随着空心率从0.3增加至0.4,RC-DSTCs的延性有明显提高；RC-DSTCs的轴压承载力计算结果与试验结果比较吻合，可为后续工程应用提供参考。

掌握雪豹（Panthera uncia）的遗传多样性信息对其保护和管理有重要意义。对104只雪豹个体的组织样品提取DNA，结合文献中提供的70个雪豹基因分型数据，利用9个微卫星多态性位点进行遗传多样性研究。结果显示：当样本量从70个增加到174个时，雪豹种群有分化为2个种群的趋势，即西北部群和中部群；共检测到45个等位基因（N_a），中部、西北部2个种群平均每个位点N_a分别为4.556和4.667，平均期望杂合度（H_e）分别为0.574和0.591，平均观测杂合度（H_o）分别为0.517和0.498。雪豹群体的平均近交系数(F_IS)为0.137，平均遗传分化系数(F_ST)为0.067，平均多态信息含量(P_IC)为0.602，种群间遗传变异为15.24%，种群内遗传变异为84.76%。9个微卫星位点具有中高程度多态性，与其他雪豹研究相比，2个雪豹种群遗传多样性处于中等水平，种群间遗传分化水平处于中等程度，遗传变异大部分来源于群体内部。研究结果对全球雪豹的种群结构和遗传多样性研究具有重要意义，也为雪豹未来的科学保护提供可靠的遗传背景。

为提升东减河水体质量，探究了曝气增氧-生态浮床联合技术对河道水体中氮磷及有机物的去除效果及机理.实验结果表明，联合技术对主汛期河道水体的COD去除率达到65%，总氮和磷酸盐去除率分别达到72%和46%.常规水质指标的相关性分析得出，氨氮、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐是水体富营养化的主控因子.河道水温和藻类生长呈显著正相关，和溶解氧呈显著负相关.同时，在7—9月河道表层沉积物的有机氮和有机磷矿化释放作用增强且具有持续性.这些是造成该时段河道水质状况较差的关键因素.曝气-生态浮床联合技术既可以有效地去除河道水体中氨氮、总磷等污染物，还可以提高水体溶解氧含量，抑制水中藻类的生长.联合技术增加了河道底泥细菌群落的多样性和功能菌群的丰度，多种丰度较高的菌属与脱氮更为相关.其中脱氮功能菌有Thiobacillus、Sphingopyxis、Nitrospira、Pseudomonas、Thermomonas.除磷功能菌有Bacillus、Rhodobacter、Acinetobacter.同时检测出高丰度的黄杆菌属（Luteolibacter）是良好水质水体的指示生物.

在全球变化背景下，生态水文研究的时空尺度得到了极大的拓展，研究内容从水与生物之间的互馈关系及其变化，延伸至水与其他非生物要素(如大气、土壤、岩石)以及人类活动之间的互馈关系及其演变机制。本文基于地球系统科学理念，结合全球变化下生态水文面临的挑战以及研究范式转变，从“土壤-植被-大气”连续体(SPAC)、地球关键带以及流域等多维度探讨生态水文学过程，阐释水分、能量和物质在基岩、土壤、植被和大气界面之间的传输与交换机制以及植被生长对土壤结构和水分动态的反馈作用，论述气候变化和人类活动影响下基岩风化、土壤形成与生态水文过程的协同演变及其对水文循环和物质平衡的影响，并讨论了流域作为连接全球与局地尺度的关键中间单元的重要性。面向水-生态资源可持续利用需求，提出了在人工智能背景下生态水文研究的可能突破途径，包括多源数据融合、物理过程与机器学习结合的建模方法，以及跨学科协作的研究范式。本文旨在构建生态-水文-社会协同发展理论框架，为提升生态系统质量、保障水资源可持续利用、促进社会经济绿色发展提供科学依据和决策支持。

弥散张量成像(DTI)可显示癫痫灶周围和远端脑白质结构之间的细微变化，这些脑白质纤维束之间的改变具有良好的定侧价值，同时也可以描绘关键脑白质纤维束的解剖位置从而进行手术规划。颞叶癫痫(TLE)是青少年和成人癫痫中最常见的局灶性癫痫类型，本文对目前使用DTI技术在TLE患者的术前致痫区定位、手术前后的功能评估、TLE的脑网络结构、评估手术预后及与神经病理学和功能影像学的相关研究进行综述。旨在为进一步探索癫痫的发病机制、制定更好的评估手术方案及改善癫痫整体预后提供重要的帮助。

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome is an inflammation-related acute encephalopathy that occurs in previously healthy children and adolescents. It is clinically characterized by super-refractory status epilepticus that occurs after a febrile infection and is often associated with poor prognosis. In recent years，with a deeper understanding of this disease，the treatment approaches have shifted to early and timely immunotherapy and comprehensive support on the basis of standardized anti-epileptic seizure treatment. This review comprehensively elaborates the definition，clinical characteristics，auxiliary examinations，pathogenesis，diagnosis and evaluation，treatment，prognosis，and future research directions of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome，aiming to enhance understanding and improve prognosis.

The Ghadames Basin has become one of the significant basins for overseas exploration and project investment in China. Accurate understanding of the early Paleozoic sedimentary system and lithofacies palaeogeographic characteristics is the basis for further exploration and the key to establish the early tectonic-sedimentary evolution history of the basin. Based on the comprehensive analysis of core,seismic and logging data in Ghadames Basin,combined with the restoration of palaeogeomorphology,the sedimentary system and lithofacies palaeogeographic characteristics are discussed. The results show four types of depositional systems in the early Paleozoic of Ghadames Basin: alluvial fan,braided river,braided river delta and shallow marine. In the early and middle Cambrian,the Avalon terrane drifted toward the Baltic plate,the Proto-Tethys Ocean initially expanded,and the active continental margin was formed. During this period,the whole basin was dominated by continental deposits. During the Cambrian-Ordovician,the platform uplift and depression pattern was initially formed owing to the Caledonian movement. Large-scale denudation occurred in the western and northern parts of the Ghadames Basin,and large-scale glacier deposits were developed to form glacial moraine reservoirs. In the Early and Middle Silurian,the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean continued to expand,the sea level rose,and a extensive transgression occurred in the northern part. Shallow marine sedimentary environment predominated in the area during this time,and hot shale and mudstone were widely developed which are important source rocks and cap rocks in the region. In the Devonian period,the Hercynian movement uplifted the region as a whole,and the sea area in the basin was reduced and replaced mainly by continental sediments. On this basis,the establishment of the marine-continental transition sedimentary model under the early Paleozoic Tethys Ocean evolution background in the Ghadames Basin is established,which can provide a reference for the next exploration work in the study area.

提出一种基于偏微分方程的图像盲去模糊超分辨率重建算法，旨在未知模糊核的情况下，将含噪声的低分辨率模糊图像重建为清晰的高分辨率图像.首先，针对图像退化过程构建变分问题，并借助变分方法推导出偏微分方程模型.其次，结合交替方向法和数值差分方法，通过设计时空全离散数值格式求解未知的模糊核和清晰的图像.再次，通过一系列数值实验，分析参数选择对图像重建效果的影响，确定合适的参数设置.最后，针对若干遥感图像进行实验，实验结果证明了所给模型的有效性与可靠性.

Geothermal resources in the middle and deep layers of the Fenwei Graben exhibit considerable development, yet their genetic mechanism remains elusive. A thorough understanding of the geological background and the cause of thermal convergence is essential for improving exploration and exploitation efficiency. Building on previous research, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the deep thermal structural characteristics, structural evolution, genetic mechanisms, and the source, migration pathways, reservoirs, and sealing conditions of the Fenwei Graben. Additionally, it explores the mechanisms of driving thermal convergence in the region. The formation of middle and deep geothermal resources in the Fenwei Graben is rooted in a complex geological framework, with Cenozoic tectonic processes playing a pivotal role in the development of medium- and high-temperature reservoirs. The Cenozoic extension of the Fenwei Graben is primarily driven by the distant effects of the Indian-Eurasian plate collision. Key factors contributing to the formation of geothermal resources in the region include asthenospheric diapir upwelling, the development of low-velocity, high-conductivity zones in the middle and shallow layers, crustal stretching and thinning, and solid-shear ductile deformation. Mantle heat conduction serves as the primary dynamic heat source for the target geothermal reservoir, with shallowly embedded low-velocity, high-conductivity layers within the upper mantle and crust acting as efficient heat conductors and energy accumulation centers. These layers function as direct heat sources and focal points for medium- and deep-thermal reservoirs. The significant extension and tension during the Cenozoic era, combined with distinct structural patterns, provide favorable thermal control structures. Marginal faults and basin-controlling faults, characterized by deep incisions and active Cenozoic tectonics, exhibit excellent heat conduction properties, playing a crucial role in the formation and distribution of geothermal resources. These faults act as efficient pathways for heat conduction and release. The thick Cenozoic loose sediments with extensively developed pores, along with volcanic rocks characterized by low thermal conductivity and excellent heat retention, serve as high-quality thermal capping layers. The metamorphic basement, marked by ductile shear deformation, functions both as the target layer for dry hot rock geothermal resources (solid heat energy) and as an effective heat source layer for shallow hydrothermal geothermal systems. As a result, the Fenwei Graben boasts an exceptional thermal accumulation system, integrating heat sources, pathways, reservoirs, and capping layers, which collectively support the enrichment of high-quality geothermal resources.

降雨能否穿透厚包气带到达潜水面是地下水补给领域争议较大的问题。华北平原“23·7”极端降雨事件相当于华北平原的一次大型入渗试验，为分析潜水埋深如何控制地下水补给提供了契机。本研究以雄安新区白洋淀周边潜水浅埋区4口自动监测井和容城县境内潜水深埋区6口自动监测井为例，分析不同埋深地下水对2023年3日内累积降雨量为289.2 mm的极端降雨事件的响应规律。在潜水浅埋区，暴雨开始后约16 h垂向入渗至潜水面，潜水抬升幅度达1.36～1.79 m;在潜水深埋区，暴雨后河水水位迅速抬升并引发渗漏形成水丘，在潜水回水作用下离南拒马河距离小于6 km的潜水位以较快速度抬升1.38～3.67 m。本研究表明，降雨沿着包气带的垂向入渗是潜水浅埋区地下水的补给来源，暴雨后河水入渗引发的潜水回水是河道附近潜水深埋区地下水补给的主要来源。本文加深了对不同埋深潜水补给机理的认识，对今后分析华北平原乃至其他地下水超采区的水位回升控制机理、生态补水效果具有重要指导意义。

North Africa,located on the northern margin of the Gondwana continent in Paleozoic era,is one of the important oil and gas enrichment areas worldwide,experiencing two rift-sag-foreland basin evolution cycles,namely the Paleozoic Gondwana and the Mesozoic Cenozoic Tethys. Based on a comprehensive analysis of publicly available geological data and oil and gas exploration data,this article identified three types of petroliferous basins in the North African region: cratonic superimposed sags,rifts,and passive margin related basins;summarized two basin evolution cycles: Gondwana and Tethyan basin-forming cycle;clarified the controlling role of tectonic evolution on basin types,basin structures,and the development of source,reservoir,and cap rocks. Under the influence of the global plate tectonic evolution,different regions in North Africa have gone through five stages of tectonic evolution: (1)late Proterozoic-early Cambrian basement assembly and rift stage;(2)Cambrian-Early Carboniferous intra-cratonic sag stage;(3)Late Carboniferous-Early Permian Hercynian orogenic stage;(4)Late Permian-Early Cretaceous rift stage; and (5)Late Cretaceous-Present Alpine orogenic stage. Marked by the Hercynian orogeny,the basin features cycles that consist of the Paleozoic Gondwana Cycle and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Tethyan Cycle. The evolution of the basins in western North Africa are dominated both by the Gondwana and Tethyan cycles,forming superimposed sag basins, while the evolution of the eastern basins are dominated by the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Tethyan cycle,forming the Mesozoic and Cenozoic rift basins and passive continental margin basins. Controlled by the development differences of basins,the source rocks of the western superimposed sag basins are developed mainly in Silurian and Devonian,with including the Paleozoic and Triassic reservoirs. The regional cap rocks are Silurian shale and Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic evaporate. In comparison the source rocks of the eastern rift basins developed in Cretaceous,Paleogene,and Neogene,with pre-rift Paleozoic and syn-rift Mesozoic and Cenozoic reservoirs. The regional caprocks include the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic evaporites rocks deposited in the rifting stages. Overall,the differential tectonic evolution in the North African controls the formation mechanism of petroliferous basins and the distribution of source,reservoir,and cap rocks.

为解决车载毫米波雷达目标检测过程中在相邻多目标情况下会提高检测门限值，从而导致目标遮蔽现象，引发传统恒虚警(constant false alarm rate, CFAR)检测在多目标环境下产生漏检的问题，提出一种等分剔除恒虚警检测算法(equipartition deletion CFAR,ED-CFAR)。通过将目标两侧的参考单元等分取平均值得到子参考单元，对大于所有参考单元平均值的部分进行处理后排序，剔除部分较大子参考单元，计算得到门限值，与目标的信号幅度进行比较判断目标是否存在。仿真结果表明，在多目标检测的仿真场景下，信噪比为10 dB时，ED-CFAR算法的检测概率比单元平均恒虚警(CA-CFAR)算法提高0.39,比筛选平均恒虚警(CMLD-CFAR)算法提高了0.08,有效解决了传统均值类恒虚警检测在相邻多目标条件下的遮蔽问题。

超分子纳米药物递送平台因具有性质多样化、药物释放可控及制备简易等特点而备受关注.据报道，富含酚羟基结构的多酚可与不同性质类药物产生非共价相互作用，自组装成超分子纳米系统，从而实现不同路径的药物递送.同时，多酚自身具备抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗氧化、抗炎和保护心脏等功能，这使得基于多酚的递送系统在疾病治疗方面前景广阔.本综合评述概述了多酚型超分子纳米递送系统构建中包括的超分子相互作用力.根据所负载药物的性质(例如疏水性药物、蛋白质、 DNA等)，分类阐述了不同相互作用力在药物负载中发挥的功能.最后，对当前基于多酚的超分子纳米系统中存在的争议性问题进行了评述总结.本文可为各种新兴的多酚基材料的设计和基础研究提供参考.

光学波前是光波相位面的几何表示，光学波前传感技术通过检测光波传播路径中的相位变化来分析物体的性质。该技术广泛应用于大气湍流检测、光学元件缺陷分析、生物样品研究等领域，在天文学、自适应光学、显微成像、激光系统和生物医学等方面具有重要作用。然而，常见探测器仅对光强度敏感，为了探测光学波前，通常需要在探测前端使用一系列复杂的光学元件，这导致系统体积庞大、成本高昂且结构复杂。近年来，随着微纳光学和人工智能等领域的不断进展，涌现出一系列基于新原理、新器件和新算法的集成化、小型化和高性能的光学波前传感技术。该论文系统综述了近期光学波前传感技术的研究进展，并根据其原理将其分为干涉型和非干涉型两大类，具体包括剪切干涉型、光栅干涉型、近场干涉型、算法重构型和维度关联型等技术。最后，总结了当前领域尚存的挑战，并展望了未来可能的研究方向。

全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是一类高度稳定的人造化学物质，在化学结构上由全氟烷基分子(C_nF_2n+1—)连接到不同官能团的完全或部分氟化碳链组成，自1940年首次合成以来得到了广泛的应用. PFAS中的C—F键具有优异的热稳定性和化学稳定性，使其在环境中具有高度的持久性和生物累积性，因此成为全球关注的微量污染物.未受监管的PFAS排放到水环境中，对生态系统和人类健康构成了严重威胁，亟需采取有效措施来应对PFAS污染.近年来，针对水中PFAS去除的多种技术得到了广泛评估，其中化学处理方法在PFAS的降解和矿化方面表现出良好的前景. PFAS的降解取决于C—C键和C—F键的断裂.本文系统综述了电化学、光化学和过硫酸盐活化这3种技术去除PFAS的最新进展，详细阐述了这3种技术的降解机制和反应路径．此外还总结了关键参数对PFAS化学降解的影响，从催化材料、去除效率和能耗等方面分析对比了不同去除技术的优点和不足之处.最后，指出了目前研究中存在的主要问题、面临的挑战以及未来的发展前景，特别强调了耦合工艺在克服传统技术效率低下和高能耗问题方面的重要应用潜力.本综述对PFAS降解机制的深入研究将对未来实现其完全降解或矿化提供重要参考.

针对传统DBN在无监督训练过程中预训练耗时久、诊断精度差等问题，提出了一种基于改进多目标蜻蜓优化自适应深度信念网络（IMODA-ADBN）的模拟电路故障诊断方法。首先，根据参数更新方向的异同提出了自适应学习率，提高网络收敛速度；其次，传统DBN在有监督调优过程利用BP算法，然而BP算法存在易陷入局部最优的问题，为了改善该问题，利用改进的MODA算法取代BP算法提高网络分类精度。在IMODA算法中,添加Logistic混沌印射和基于对立跳跃以获得帕累托最优解，增加算法的多样性，提高算法的性能。在7个多目标数学基准问题上测试该算法，并与3种元启发式优化算法（MODA、MOPSO和NSGA-II）进行比较，证明了IMODA-ADBN网络模型具有稳定性。最后将IMODAADBN运用到二级四运放双二阶低通滤波器的诊断实验中，实验结果表明该方法在收敛速度快的基础上保证了分类精度，诊断率更高，能够实现高难故障的分类与定位。