Objectives 6 rapeseed varieties including Shiyou 1, 15-P15, Jinyou 158, 12-P38, Huaxie 11, and Huayouza 62 were used to study the changes in plant height, dry matter, and nutrient composition under different soil conditions to screen suitable rapeseed varieties for different soil conditions in the local area. Methods The neutral soil, alkaline soil, and sandy soil were selected to plant rapeseed varieties according to soil characteristics. Measure The plant height, the content of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acidic detergent fiber of rapeseed were measured. The correlation between its biological characteristics and nutritional components and soil conditions was analyzed. Results The plant height of Huayouza 62 was the highest under different soil conditions, which was 145 cm in neutral soil, 142 cm in alkaline soil, and 137 cm in sandy soil. The content of dry matter in Huayouzao 62 in neutral soil was the highest (70.36%). The content of dry matter in Huayu Zao 62 in alkaline soil was the highest (69.18%). The content of crude protein in Huayouzao 62 in neutral and alkaline soil was the highest (3.57% and 3.14%). The content of crude protein in Huaxia 11 in sandy soil was the highest (2.84%). The content of neutral detergent fiber in Huayouzao 62 in the neutral and alkaline soil was the highest (85.06% and 84.31%). The content of neutral detergent fiber in Huaxia 11 in sandy soil was the highest (82.57%). The plant height and nutrient content of Huayouza 62 and Huaxie 11 under the three soil conditions were higher. Conclusions Both Huayouza62 and Huaxie 11 have good adaptability in alkaline and sandy soil in western Jilin, and can be planted in western Jilin.