Objectives The quality and safety of poultry products from small and medium scale poultry farms in Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province was investigated to adopt targeted control measures for farming process in small and medium scale poultry farms to ensure the high - quality promotion of the development of the poultry industry in Qiannan Prefecture. Methods A combination of screening and confirmation methods was used to detect drug residues in 150 batches including 60 batches of poultry meat and 90 batches of poultry eggs randomly selected from 129 small and medium scale poultry farms (households). On-site investigations on the situation of drug-using in 74 poultry farms were conducted to statistically analyze the situation of drug-using and the risks of drug residues in products from small and medium scale poultry farms in Qiannan Prefecture. Results 32 farms of the 74 farms investigated used veterinary antibiotics, accounting for 43.24%. Enrofloxacin was detected in 1 batch among the 150 batches of poultry products, which did not exceed the standard, and the pass rate of sample detection was 100%. Conclusions The potential harm level of veterinary drug residues in poultry products from small and medium scale poultry farms in Qiannan Prefecture to human health is safe and controllable. However, relevant departments still need to continue to attach great importance and strengthen guidance and supervision on the use of veterinary drugs in the process of farming poultry.