Objectives The prevalence and drug resistance of important pathogens of bovine respiratory disease syndrome in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province was investigated to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of bovine respiratory disease syndrome in Qiqihar. Methods 594 nasal swab samples of diseased cattle were collected from large-scale farms and free-range households in different areas of Qiqihar. PCR was used to detect the pathogens of bovine respiratory disease syndrome carried in the sample. The isolation, identification, and the drug sensitivity test of bacteria were conducted. Results 209 nasal swab samples out of the 594 collected samples carried the pathogen of bovine respiratory syndrome, with a detection rate of 33.01%, 15.79%, 16.75%, 15.79%, and 20.57% for Mycoplasma bovis, Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, infectious bovine rhinortracheitis virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus, respectively. 27 Pasteurella multocida strains and 26 Mannheimia haemolytica strains were obtained through the isolation and cultivation of bacteria. The results of the drug sensitivity test showed that the proportion of triple, quadruple, penta- plex and hexaplex resistant strains of Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica was 51.85% and 38.46%, 22.22% and 23.08%, 22.22% and 15.38%, 3.70% and 23.08%, respectively. Conclusions The detection rate of important pathogens of bovine respiratory disease syndrome in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province was relatively high, and the multi-drug resistance to the Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica strain was particularly severe.