Objectives The characteristics of seasonal behavior of giant pandas were studied to provide reference for managing and farming giant pandas more effectively. Methods A target animal sampling method was used to conduct one-year study on the behavior of four giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) divided by age into an adult group (5.5-20 years old) and an elderly group (over 20 years old) at Chongqing Zoo from October 2017 to October 2018. Results The main difference in behavior of the adult and the elderly giant pandas was the behavior of resting (61.33% ± 3.88%) and the behavior of feeding (22.89% ± 4.5%). There were significant differences in behavior among giant pandas of different ages. In the elderly group, grooming, resting, excessive grooming, and stereotyped behavior was significantly higher than that in the adult group, while the behavior of feeding and activity was significantly lower than that in the adult group. There was significant difference in the behavior of giant pandas in Chongqing Zoo during the four seasons, except for their modification behavior. There was significant difference in feeding, activity, rest, excessive modification, stereotyped behavior, and other behaviors among the four seasons, with feeding behavior in summer being the lowest among the four seasons. Conclusions The feeding behavior was related to the season, with the summer climate being hot and the feeding behavior being the shortest. There was a negative correlation between feeding behavior and resting behavior, indicating that the longer the feeding behavior, the shorter the resting behavior. Increasing the abundances can enhance the behavior of activity, and providing the abundance of food and odor is more effective than providing environmental abundances for elderly giant pandas.