Objectives The effects of the symbiosis of algae and bacteria on the aquaculture environment and production performance of Australian silver bass were studied in the background of increasingly intensive aquaculture of Australian silver bass. Methods 800 Australian silver bass at 15 days of age were randomly divided into 4 groups for different feeding treatments. The control group did not add algae or bacteria, while the experimental group 1 added Chlorella vulgaris (3 mL/L), the experimental group 2 added Bacillus subtilis (2 mL/L), and the experimental group 3 added both Chlorella vulgaris (3 mL/L) and Bacillus subtilis (2 mL/L) to achieve the symbiosis of algae and bacteria. The experimental period lasted for a total of 90 days. The water quality index of each experimental group and the growth indexes of Australian silver bass were determined separately. Results The content of NH₄^＋-N and NO₂^－-N in the water body of the experimental group 3 was significantly reduced compared with other groups. The growth rate of Australian silver bass in the experimental group 3 was significantly accelerated, and the ratio of feed to weight was greatly reduced from 1.04 in the control group to 0.73. The mortality rate of each experimental group was 0, and there was no significant difference in changes in the water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH value. Conclusions The symbiosis of algae and bacteria has significant effects on improving the water quality of aquaculture and enhancing the growth performance of Australian silver bass, which has positive significance for improving the efficiency of aquaculture.