Objectives To provide reference for the promotion and application of traditional Chinese medicine in reducing and replacing antibodies in the poultry industry. Methods 200 Lingshan Ma chickens aged 56 days with around 341g were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 10 chickens in each group and 5 replicates in each group. Chicks in the control group were fed with basic diet, while chicks in the experimental group were supplemented with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% ultrafine powder of kapok on the basic diet. The feeding experiment lasted for 42 days. Measure and other Indicators including the growth performance, diarrhea rate, gut microbiota, serum immunoglobulin of chickens in the experimental group were measured. Results Compared with chickens in the control group, the ultra-fine powder of kapok had no significant effect on the average daily feed intake, serum immunoglobulin IgA, and IgM of chickens in the experimental group, but improved the average daily gain of weight to varying degrees. The chickens in the experimental group with medium dose of the ultra-fine powder of kapok showed the highest increase of the average daily gain of weight (12.67%). The content of IgG in the serum of Lingshan Ma chicken in the experimental group was significantly increased by 36.13%, 55.35%, and 26.18%, respectively, and the effect on the chickens in the experimental group with medium dose of the ultra-fine powder of kapok was the best. Conclusions Adding the ultra-fine powder of kapok to the diet can promote the growth of Lingshan Ma chickens, reduce the abundance of gut microbiota and diarrhea rate, significantly increase the content of serum immunoglobulin IgG, and the best effect is achieved with supplementing 1% the ultra-fine powder of kapok on the basic diet.