Objectives The causes and prevalence of diseases in some large-scale cattle farms in Shihezi City, Xinjiang were understood and the causes of pathogenesis were revealed to lay the foundation for formulating measures of prevention and control. Methods A total of 2 923 healthy bovine serum samples and 1 127 nasal swabs were collected from 19 large-scale cattle farms within Shihezi City. The infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) was detected with real-time fluorescence PCR and the antigens and antibodies for IBR were detected with ELISA. Results The total positive rate of real-time fluorescent PCR for antigen detection was 1.69%, with the positive rate of Dutch cattle, Feho cattle, Noho cattle, and the farm herd being 1.83%, 1.57%, 1.66%, and 78.95%, respectively. IBRV was detected in calves, young cattle, reserve cattle, and adult cows of three lines, and the prevalence of IBR was not affected among different cattle lines, indicating that there was no significant difference in the positive rate of antigen among the three cattle breeds. The total positive rate of antibodies for IBR detected by ELISA was 53.71%. Among them, the positive rate of Dutch cattle, Feho cattle, Noho cattle, and the farm herd was 54.82%, 53.86%, 52.30%, and 100%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of antibodies among the three cattle breeds. Conclusions All three cattle breeds in the large-scale cattle farms in Shihezi City had a certain degree of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) infection.