目的 对云南省普洱市某山羊养殖户急性死亡的山羊进行病因调查和有效诊治，以期为山羊饲养中的疫病诊断提供参考。 方法 通过对116只羊（12月龄以上成年羊40只，6~9月龄小羊76只）进行紧急流行病学调查、现场调查、病理剖检和实验室检测，并根据结果进行综合分析和诊断。 结果 病理剖检显示，病羊肺脏、肾脏和胃肠等器官均有出血，心脏呈现心衰样变；核酸检测结果显示，5头羊样品均为魏氏梭菌核酸阳性。 结论 此次山羊发病死亡由魏氏梭菌引起，野外采食感染可能性很大。羊群在未接种三联四防疫苗的背景下因饲养管理水平低，气温降低，导致其免疫力下降，造成发病死亡。应做好饲养管理和免疫，减少雨天放牧。发现异常情况及时报告，及时隔离病羊，才能有效控制疫病的传播。

Objectives A etiological investigation and effective diagnosis and treatment of acute deaths of goats in a goat farmer in Pu'er City, Yunnan Province, was conducted to provide references for disease diagnosis in farming goat. Methods Emergency epidemiological investigation, on-site investigation, pathological autopsy, and laboratory testing were conducted on 116 goats including 40 adult goats aged over 12 months and 76 lambs aged 6-9 months to make comprehensive analysis and diagnosis. Results The results of pathological autopsy showed that there were hemorrhages in the lungs, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract of the sick goats, with the heart having changes similar to heart failure. The results of testing nucleic acid showed that all 5 samples of goats were positive for Clostridium welchii in nucleic acid. Conclusions The illness and death of goats this time was caused by Clostridium welchii, with a high possibility of infection from grazing in the wild. The illness and death were resulted from the low level of farming and management, the decrease in temperature, and the decline in immunity of goats without vaccination with the triple and four prevention vaccines. Proper management of farming and immunization should be implemented. Grazing on rainy days should be reduced. Early reporting of any unusual circumstances and timely isolation of sick goats are necessary to effectively control the spread of the diseases.