目的 探讨种公猪精子质量较好的年龄阶段，为养猪企业精细化管理、提高种猪生产效率提供理论参考。 方法 选用96头种公猪，按8～11月龄、12～15月龄、16～19月龄、20～23月龄分为4组，每组24头，使用精液质量分析仪和姬姆萨染色法检测各组精液的活力、密度、畸形率、精子数。 结果 16～19月龄组射精量比8～11月龄、20～23月龄组分别提高78.07%、22.21%（P＜0.01），精液密度比8～11月龄、20～23月龄组分别提高124.41%、102.11%（P＜0.01）；12～15月龄组精子活力比8～11月龄组、20～23月龄组分别提高7.50%、6.17%（P＜0.01）；16～19月龄组精子畸形率比8～11月龄组低1.83百分点（P＜0.01），比12～15月龄组、20～23月龄组分别低0.79、0.83百分点（P＜0.05）。16～19月龄组总精子数比8～11月龄组、20～23月龄组分别增加291.97%、147.93%（P＜0.01），有效精子数比8～11月龄组、20～23月龄分别增加309.40%、157.15%（P＜0.01）。 结论 建议在生产实践中可以优先选择12～19月龄的公猪精液，核心育种的大白公猪选择15～19月龄，在公猪8月龄时开始调教，最大程度发挥种公猪繁殖潜能。

Objectives The stage of age with better sperm quality for breeding boars was studied to provide the theoretical reference for the fine management and the improvement in the production efficiency of breeding pigs in pig farming enterprises. Methods 96 breeding Large White Boars were selected from a pig farm in Hubei province and divided into the group aged 8-11, 12-15, 16-19 and 20-23 months, with 24 boars in each group. The semen quality analyzer and Giemsa staining method were used to detect the vitality, density, abnormality rate, and sperm count in each group of semen. Results The ejaculation volume of the boars in the group aged 16-19 months increased by 78.07% and 22.21% respectively compared to that in the group aged 8-11 months and 20-23 months (P<0.01). The semen density of the boars in the group aged 16-19 months increased by 124.41% and 102.11% respectively compared to that in the group aged 8-11 months and 20-23 months (P<0.01). The sperm vitality of the boars in the group aged 12-15 months increased by 7.50% and 6.17% respectively compared to that in the group aged 8-11 months and 20-23 months (P<0.01). The abnormality rate of sperm in the group aged 16-19 months was 1.83% lower than that in the group aged 8-11 months (P<0.01), and 0.79% and 0.83% lower than that in the group aged 12-15 months and 20-23 months, respectively (P<0.05). The total sperm count in the group aged 16-19 months increased by 291.97% and 147.93% respectively compared to that in the group aged 8-11 months and 20-23 months (P<0.01), while the effective sperm count increased by 309.40% and 157.15% respectively compared to that in the group aged 8-11 months and the 20-23 months (P<0.01). Conclusions It is indicated that priority can be given to selecting boar semen aged 12-19 months in the practice of farming. Large white boars aged 15-19 months can be selected for core breeding, and training can begin at 8 months of age to maximize the reproductive potential of the breeding boars.