Objective The purpose is to explore the impact of timing based nursing interventions on self-management ability of patients undergoing autologous arteriovenous fistula anastomosis， and to evaluate their effectiveness. Methods From October 2022 to January 2024， 130 patients who received hemodialysis treatment after autologous arteriovenous fistula anastomosis in our hospital were divided into study group and control group by digital random table method， with 65 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing intervention during hospitalization， while the study group implemented nursing intervention based on timing theory. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The self-management behavior and quality of life of patients in the two groups were tested by independent sample t test， and the incidence of complications was tested by χ² test. Results There was no significant difference in the scores of self-management behavior and quality of life between the two groups before intervention （P > 0.05）. After intervention， the scores of self-management behavior and quality of life in the study group were higher than those in the control group （P < 0.05）， and the incidence of complications was lower than that in the control group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Nursing intervention based on timing theory has some effect on enhancing self-management ability of patients with autologous arteriovenous fistula anastomosis， and provides reference for clinical application.