Batteries are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy, providing power for a vast array of applications, from portable electronics to electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage. This topic explores the fundamental principles of battery operation, including electrochemistry, cell design, and materials science. Furthermore, this topic examines the pressing challenges and exciting opportunities in the field of battery technology, including improving energy density, extending lifespan, reducing costs, and addressing environmental concerns related to raw material sourcing and end-of-life disposal. As the world transitions towards a cleaner and more sustainable energy future, advancements in battery technology will play a pivotal role in enabling this transformation.