平朔煤矿复垦区不同人工林草本层植物群落特征

李厚春, 秦浩, 张红, 李君剑, 刘勇

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山西大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3) : 626-636. DOI: 10.13451/j.sxu.ns.2023151
生命科学与环境科学

平朔煤矿复垦区不同人工林草本层植物群落特征

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Characteristics of Plant Communities in Different Herbaceous Layers of Plantation Forests in Pingshuo Coal Mine Reclamation Area

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摘要

研究复垦区植被恢复过程中植物群落组成和多样性的变化，可进一步了解植物群落的演化过程及规律。通过对山西平朔典型煤矿复垦区植被资源调查，选取小叶杨林、油松林、榆树林、刺槐林四种人工林，分析林下草本植物群落组成及物种多样性，探究土壤和林分对草本层植物群落的影响，为矿区后期复垦中植被选择提供依据。结果表明：（1）林下草本植物物种组成共有25科49属59种，其中菊科种类最多，豆科、禾本科次之，生活型以多年生草本为主。优势种植物主要为林地早熟禾、紫花苜蓿和赖草。（2）随着植被恢复，油松林草本层植物多样性呈先增加后减少趋势，榆树林趋势相反，小叶杨林与刺槐林变化不明显。（3）不同人工林的土壤有机质、全氮随演化时间显著增加（P < 0.05），土壤容重显著降低（P < 0.05），全磷除刺槐外也显著增加，土壤含水量变化不显著（P > 0.05）。（4）土壤理化性质及林分因子对草本植物群落组成具有极显著影响（P < 0.01）。本研究揭示了平朔煤矿复垦区不同人工林下草本植物群落演替特征，可为该区域生态恢复提供科学依据。

Abstract

Changes in the composition and diversity of plant communities during vegetation restoration in reclaimed areas can enhance our understanding on the evolutionary processes and patterns of plant communities. Four planted forests, Populus simonii, Pinus tabuliformis, Ulmus pumila and Robinia pseudoacacia in a typical coal mine reclamation area in Pingshuo, Shanxi, were selected to analyze the composition and species diversity of the understory herbaceous community and to investigate the influence of soil and stand on the herbaceous layer of the plant community. The aim of the present study was to provide basis information for species selection in the later stage of mining area reclamation. The results showed that: (1) there were 25 families, 49 genera and 59 species of understory herbaceous plants, among which the A. Bercht has the most species, followed by the F. Lindl and P. Barnhart, and the life type is mainly perennial herbs. The dominant species of plants are mainly woodland P. nemoralis, M. sativa and S. chamaejasme. (2) The herbaceous diversity of the P. tabuliformis showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing during vegetation recovering, while the opposite trend was observed in the U. pumila, and no obvious trends were observed in the P. simonii and R. pseudoacacia communities. (3) Soil organic matter and total nitrogen increased significantly (P < 0.05), soil bulk density decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and total phosphorus increased significantly (P > 0.05), except for R. pseudoacacia, while soil water content did not change significantly (P > 0.05). (4) Soil physical and chemical properties and highly significant effects on herbaceous community composition (P < 0.01). The study reveals the successional characteristics of herbaceous communities under different plantation forests in the Pingshuo coal mining reclamation area, which can provide a scientific basis for the ecological restoration in this area.

关键词

煤矿复垦区 / 土壤理化性质 / 物种多样性 / 林下群落 / 物种组成

Key words

coal mine reclamation area / soil properties / species diversity / understory community / species composition

中图分类号

Q948.1

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李厚春 , 秦浩 , 张红 , 等. 平朔煤矿复垦区不同人工林草本层植物群落特征. 山西大学学报(自然科学版). 2025, 48(3): 626-636 https://doi.org/10.13451/j.sxu.ns.2023151
LI Houchun, QIN Hao, ZHANG Hong, et al. Characteristics of Plant Communities in Different Herbaceous Layers of Plantation Forests in Pingshuo Coal Mine Reclamation Area[J]. Journal of Shanxi University(Natural Science Edition). 2025, 48(3): 626-636 https://doi.org/10.13451/j.sxu.ns.2023151

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基金

国家自然科学基金(U1910207)
山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302124646)

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