In order to investigate the dynamic split tensile mechanical behavior and energy dissipation of glass fiber reinforced vinyl ester (GF/VE) composites, Brazilian splitting experiments were carried out on five kinds of GF/VE composite specimens with different glass fiber(GF) contents by using devices such as the split Hopkinson press bar (SHPB). The whole process of deformation and destruction of the specimens under dynamic loading was recorded with the help of a high-speed camera system, and the energy dissipation patterns of the specimens were analyzed under three kinds of loading air pressure (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 MPa) . The results showed that the incident energy, reflected energy, absorbed energy and peak stress of five kinds of GF/VE composites with GF content increased with loading air pressure in the Brazilian splitting experiment. Under the same loading air pressure, the static and dynamic tensile strength, absorbed energy density, and energy utilization rate of the GF/VE composite samples were the highest when the mass fraction of GF was 65% and the lowest when the mass fraction was 70%, and the incident and reflected energies were almost unaffected by the GF content. The research results can provide a reference for the study of dynamic split tensile mechanical properties of GF reinforced resin-based brittle materials.