The study presents a novel comprehensive performance evaluation framework for screw extruders, utilizing a combination of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive assessment methodology. The objective is to enhance product quality and production efficiency while providing a theoretical foundation for equipment modernization and eco-friendly manufacturing practices. The systematic approach involves the development of a hierarchical model, construction of a pairwise comparison matrix, execution of consistency validation, and determination of the relative importance of various evaluation criteria. A co-rotating twin screw extruder was selected as a case study and quantitatively analyzed using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results show that this model of screw extruder performs well in terms of mechanical performance, economy and production efficiency, but is deficient in terms of reliability and environmental friendliness. The comprehensive evaluation results conclude that the model screw extruder has a good overall score and the actual situation is basically consistent with the conclusions drawn from the evaluation system, which proves the effectiveness of the evaluation system. Finally, it is suggested that the evaluation system can be further improved in the future by expanding the sample size and technology integration.