A rapid screening method for the analysis of four phthalate esters (PAEs) in polymeric materials was established using pyrolysis gas chromatography (Py-GC). After grinding the samples into powder, a certain amount of the sample was directly weighed and injected into the pyrolysis phthalate detector for analysis. External standard method was used for quantitative analysis. Factors such as sample amount and temperature that affect the recovery rate were investigated, and the optimal pre-treatment conditions were determined. The results show that the analytes exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 100~4 000 mg/kg (r²>0.996 0), with detection limits ranging from 12.1 to 33.4 mg/kg. The accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated using positive substances at different concentrations. The recovery rates of the analytes were between 77.4% and 125.5%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 1.7% to 12.8%. This method was applied to analyze 26 actual samples, and PAEs were detected in 12 of them, with a high detection rate of 46%. The method does not use chemical reagents and allows direct testing of samples, which can meet the requirements of enterprises for rapid screening of PAEs and provides a methodological support for internal control of PAEs within enterprises.