Carbon black was used as a conductive filler to prepare conductive silicone rubber composites, and the electrical and mechanical properties of conductive silicone rubber composites were studied. The study indicates that as the carbon black content increases, the volume resistivity (ρ) of the composites first rapidly decreases and then stabilizes. The Shore hardness of composites first increases rapidly and eventually stabilizes, while the tensile strength first increases and then decreases. When the mass fraction of carbon black in silicone rubber is 30%, the composites achieves the optimal comprehensive performance. Compared with the absence of carbon black, the ρ decreases by 15 orders of magnitude, and the tensile strength and Shore hardness increase by 544.4% and 660.0%, respectively.