To avoid the erosion of highway icons and signage lines by harsh environments and extend their service life, the preparation and performance analysis of acrylic polyurethane/carbon nanotube materials for highways were studied. Experimental acrylic polyurethane was prepared using materials such as isophorone diisocyanate and azobisisobutyronitrile. Carbon nanotubes with mass fractions of 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% after acidification treatment were added to the polyurethane, and three different carbon nanotube dosages were prepared as samples. The application effects of each sample were analyzed through a mechanical property test and a wear resistance test. The results show that when the mass fraction of carbon nanotubes is 0.2%, the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the materials are weak, indicating that adding fewer carbon nanotubes cannot improve material quality. When the carbon nanotube mass fraction reaches 0.6%, its basic performance is significantly lower than that of the sample with a carbon nanotube mass fraction of 0.4%. Under different testing methods, the sample with 0.4% mass fraction carbon nanotubes added can maintain excellent thermal stability. The tensile strength and tear strength of the materials are at a high level in a high temperature state, and the wear rate is relatively low. Therefore, acrylic polyurethane with 0.4% mass fraction of carbon nanotubes added is more suitable for highway construction.