Using recycled rubber powder equal mass to replace fine aggregates in concrete, and then adding polypropylene (PP) fibers to the samples according to different mass fractions, the static and dynamic mechanical properties of PP fiber/recycled rubber powder modified concrete were analyzed, and the thermal conductivity and durability of concrete composite materials were further studied. The results show that adding PP fibers to recycled rubber powder concrete can improve the compressive strength and flexural strength of the material. With the increase of PP fiber content, the dynamic growth factor (DIF) shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the mass fraction of PP fiber is 1.0%, DIF reaches its maximum value. When the mass fraction of PP fiber is 1.0%, the thermal conductivity of sample RPFC-3 is better, and it has good durability, which can show good results in practical applications.