A cost-effective industrializable biodegradable polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSAs) with high peel strength and holding time was prepared by blending of polyurethane with tackifying resin and curing agent. The polyurethane was synthesized with industrial grade polycaprolactone diol (PCL2000) and polyester diol (L3035) as soft segments, isophorone diisocyanate as hard segments, dimethylglyoxime (DMG) as a functional chain extender via solution polymerization. The effects of polyol ratio, NCO/OH value, dosage of tackifying resin and curing agent on the adhesive performance were further investigated. The viscoelastic behaviors and biodegradability of PSAs were determined by rheological measurement and p-toluene sulfonic acid degradation method, respectively. The results show that the best comprehensive performance of the pressure-sensitive adhesive is achieved when the amount of PCL2000 accounts for 17.5% of the total mass of the polyol, the NCO/OH value is 2.4, the amount of DMG accounts for 0.8% of the total mass of the chain extender, and the amounts of tackifying resin and curing agent are 18% and 0.8% of the solid content of the pressure-sensitive adhesive, respectively. The according tacking can reach to 11# steel ball, the peel strength is 20 N/25 mm, the holding time is over than 100 h, and the degradation rate of PSAs is over than 80%.