Polypropylene is an important engineering plastic with lightweight and excellent mechanical properties. Zinc oxide is a commonly used inorganic filler, which is commonly used in polymer blending due to its excellent photoelectric performance, thermal stability, and antibacterial properties. By controllable synthesis, different morphologies of zinc oxide can be obtained. To investigate the effect of zinc oxide with different morphologies on the properties of modified polypropylene composites, polypropylene/zinc oxide composites with different morphologies were prepared with the master batch method. The mechanical property, crystal structure, and antibacterial properties of the composites were tested through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical performance testing, and antibacterial experiments. The results indicate that the morphology and mass fraction of zinc oxide in composites affected the crystal structure of polypropylene. The tensile strength of polypropylene/3% spherical zinc oxide composites was the highest, reaching 32.8 MPa. Polypropylene/5% tetrapod-like zinc oxide has the highest antibacterial rate against E. coli and S. aureus, reaching 71.6% and 89.6%, respectively.