Xylan-based hydrogels were prepared by the crosslinking copolymerization of xylan with acrylic acid and N-isopropylacrylamide using N,N´-methylenebis-acrylamide as a cross-linker. The structure of the xylan-based hydrogel was analyzed by FTIR and the effects of pH value, adsorbent dosage, initial mass concentration of the methylene blue, and contacting time on adsorption capacities of methylene blue were studied. The results showed that the optimal pH value range for removing methylene blue by hydrogel was 3~6, and the adsorption equilibrium time was about 150 min. The xylan-based hydrogel had good adsorption performance for methylene blue, and its adsorption removal rate for methylene blue solution (≤600 mg/L) was as high as 97% . The adsorption behavior of methylene blue on hydrogels was in accordance with the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. According to the Langmuir adsorption model, the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 1 094 mg/g. The xylan-based hydrogel showed good performance of regeneration and reuse, and can be used as biomass adsorbent for methylene blue wastewater treatment.