Hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin (HGM/EP), as a thermal insulation material, is very important in the service state under extreme temperatures. HGM/EP composites were prepared by injection molding method. Quasi-static compression experiments were carried out at 20, 40, 60, 80 ℃ respectively for composites with different HGM filling amount. Mechanical parameters such as compressive strength and elastic modulus were determined, and the failure morphology and mechanism were analyzed by SEM. The results show that proper addition of HGM can improve the mechanical properties of HGM/EP composites. When the HGM filling amount is 50%, the maximum compressive strength of HGM/EP is 46.3 MPa. When the HGM filling amount is 70%, the maximum elastic modulus of HGM/EP is 1 638.8 MPa. The influence of temperature on HGM/EP composites is significant. The elastoplastic failure of epoxy resin matrix is the main failure when the HGM filling amount is low at 20 ℃. With the increase of temperature and HGM filling amount, HGM breakage leads to brittle failure of HGM/EP composites.