Achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance is not only the cornerstone of a strong country, but also an inevitable choice in response to changes in the international environment. To achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, we need to follow three basic principles: Adhere to the principle of combining independent innovation with open innovation, adhere to the principle of combining problem orientation with goal orientation, and adhere to the principle of combining basic research with applied research. In the process of pursuing high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, our country has adopted a series of practical measures, including increasing financial investment in basic research, building a high-level basic research support platform, strengthening the construction of basic research talent teams, and conducting extensive basic research international collaboration in research. To achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, we must adhere to the party's leadership as the fundamental guarantee, adhere to the national strategic needs as the main orientation, adhere to talent as the first resource, and adhere to open cooperation as the basic approach. These experiences provide a feasible path to further improve the level of scientific and technological innovation and achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.