In order to further improve the emulsion stability and the intrinsic performance of self-emulsified epoxy resin, a novel amphipathic resin was synthesized from dodecylsuccinic anhydride (DDSA), methoxypolyethylene glycols and bisphenol-A epoxy. Similar systems based on different anhydrides including methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) as well as phthalic anhydride (PA) were prepared simultaneously for comparison. The stabilities of various emulsions were evaluated according to particle diameter, centrifugal stability and surface tension tests. Meanwhile, the curing behaviors, thermal resistances and interface properties between resins and diverse reinforcement fibers were also investigated. The results showed that introducing of DDSA could effectively enhance the stability of emulsion with the surface tension reducing to 37.22 mN/m. The microdebonding strength between the self-emulsifying resin system and carbon fiber is poor, but its interfacial strength with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers is better than that of the MHHPA and PA systems, and it has excellent overall performance.