In order to broaden the frequency variation range of nonlinear energy sink (NES), based on the principle of negative stiffness, a negative stiffness system is constructed by pre-compression springs, and a horizontal negative stiffness NES shock absorber is designed. Numerical simulation of negative stiffness NES shock absorber using ABAQUS finite element software to analyze the effects of length-width ratio of spring stroke, pre-compression, stiffness and damping ratio on the seismic performance of negative stiffness NES shock absorber in the state of no friction on the guide rod and no lateral buckling of the spring. The results show that increasing the pre-compression of the spring can improve the seismic performance of the shock absorber under the condition of fixed length-width ratio of spring stroke; under the condition of fixed spring pre-compression, as the length-width ratio of spring stroke increases, the bearing capacity of the shock absorber gradually decreases, and the seismic performance decreases. The increase in spring rate and damping ratio can significantly increase the bearing capacity of the shock absorber and improve the seismic performance. The research results provide a reference for the engineering application of negative stiffness NES.

Aiming at the problems of lack of domestic cement pavement disease detection data sets, small scale, single scene, and insufficient generalization ability of deep learning algorithms in complex scenes, a pavement disease detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5 is proposed. A cement pavement disease detection dataset containing 11 862 images was collected and constructed, covering 3 most common disease types in 9 scenarios. The prior anchor frame of model training is obtained by combining the K-Means clustering algorithm measured by IoU and genetic algorithm. In the feature enhancement stage, a lightweight upsampling module (CARAFE) is introduced to reduce the information loss in the feature recombination process. A multi-dimensional collaborative attention module (MCA) considering channel, height and width dimensions is introduced to enhance the discrimination of multi-scale disease features. The experimental results show that under the premise of maintaining fast inference speed, the average of F ₁ score and average precision (mAP) of the proposed algorithm reach 75.5% and 81.6%, respectively, which are better than the five mainstream target detection algorithms. The example analysis shows that the pavement disease detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5 can meet the actual needs of large-scale cement pavement disease intelligent detection and damage condition evaluation.

To explore the mechanism of pull-out group anchor effect of anti-floating anchor rods and improve the anti-lifting bearing capacity of anti-floating anchor rods. A micromechanical model for the pull-out bearing capacity of anti-floating anchor rods was established using contact mechanics methods, and a discrete element model was established using particle flow theory to analyze the mechanical properties between anti-floating anchor rods and rock and soil under different working conditions. The results show that when the distance between anchor piles is 4D, 6D, and 8D, both axial stress and shear stress show an initial increase followed by a decrease, and finally tend to stabilize. As the pile spacing increases, the axial stress between the anti-floating anchor rods shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. As variation time step increases, the porosity at different positions shows a trend of first increasing and then stabilizing. The analysis method based on particle size model can effectively analyze the group anchoring effect of anti-floating anchor rods, providing technical means for underground structural engineering construction and safety management.

In order to improve the recognition effect of tree line grounding fault detection in power system, an improved YOLOv8 model is proposed. The model enhances the feature representation ability by inserting the SimAM attention mechanism, and uses the GIoU loss function to improve the accuracy of the bounding box prediction and improve the fault recognition performance of the model in complex environments. In order to verify the performance of the improved YOLOv8 model, the ablation experiment, the insertion position change experiment of the SimAM attention mechanism module, the loss function selection experiment, and the comparison experiment with other recognition models are carried out. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8 model has the highest recognition accuracy, recall rate and average accuracy. The model effectively improves the recognition accuracy of the tree-line grounding fault detection image and provides support for the intelligent operation and maintenance of transmission lines.

To address the challenges associated with inaccurate target edge segmentation, motion speed, and motion direction, this paper introduces an optical flow estimation network that leverages local correlation information between video frames. Initially, the network employs a feature encoder to extract encoding features from the image and capture contextual information through a context network. Subsequently, the feature size is reduced through downsampling to enhance computational efficiency. Given the minute displacement of the optical flow image across consecutive frames, a partition-based visual similarity computation method is proposed to construct a more refined 4D correlation volume. Residual filters and similar convolution blocks are utilized for processing the correlation volume and optical flow information, respectively, ensuring the preservation of local small displacement details. The research results show that the optical flow estimation network based on the local correlation information between video frames has achieved optimizations of 8.0% and 5.7% respectively in the optical flow estimation evaluation metric (endpoint error, EPE). This significantly improves the accuracy of optical flow estimation and effectively alleviates the problem of inaccurate optical flow information extraction in complex scenarios. The research conclusions provide references for fields such as autonomous driving and intelligent security.

In order to explore an effective way to promote the dewatering of fine coal slime efficiently and quickly, multiple sets of parallel tests were carried out by using the modified hollow cylindrical torsion shear apparatus, and the dewatering process and effect of fine coal slime under the continuous action of 3 loads, the simultaneous action of 2 loads and the simultaneous action of 3 loads were compared. The experimental results show that the best dehydration scheme for continuous action is extrusion-vibration-electroosmotic; the effect of vibration dehydration is better when the extrusion pressure is small or the early stage of dehydration is better, the time required for vibration dehydration is shorter, and the vibration dehydration effect is the best when the frequency is close to the natural frequency of the solid. The effect of electroosmosis is better in the later stage of extrusion pressure or dehydration. On the basis of single extrusion, each additional dehydration measure will produce new dehydration amount and reduce the dehydration time. The dehydration effect of continuous action under the same load level is not as good as that of simultaneous action.

To investigate the deformation and embedment depth of cantilever steel sheet pile walls considering the passive resistance at the pile base, a comprehensive review of relevant literature was conducted, coupled with extensive calculations for cantilever pile excavation support systems. It was observed that a reverse bending point exists at the base of the cantilever steel sheet piles. The position of the inflection point was solved according to the bending moment equilibrium equation of the soil pressure on the pile. The retaining structure was subsequently divided into three sections based on the excavation bottom and the reverse bending point, and deformation and force analyses were performed for each section. Differential equations governing the deflection and bending of each pile segment were established. By applying boundary and continuity conditions, the deflection equations for each pile segment were solved, leading to the determination of the embedment depth for cantilever steel sheet piles. The research resultes indicate that the locations of reverse bending points exhibit certain regularities across different soil layers and excavation depths. The proposed modification method not only accounts for the passive soil resistance below the reverse bending point but also aligns more closely with the actual force conditions experienced by cantilever steel sheet piles, resulting in safer and the calculation results are safer.

To investigate the permeability characteristics of coal under different confining pressures and hydraulic loads, SEM micro-scan images and a binary analysis system were used. Based on the fractal characteristics of pore and fracture networks, a model was developed to simulate the porosity and static permeability of the coal rock. Dynamic permeability tests under different water pressures and confining pressures were conducted using a GDS-DYNTTS soft rock rheometer. The research results show that by using reasonable fractal dimensions based on the microstructure images and permeability model, realistic static permeability values can be obtained. Under the coupling of fixed water pressure and different confining pressures, the coal exhibite three different stages of permeability: the stage of pore compression closure, the stage of slow pore deformation release, and the stage of rapid pore deformation recovery. When the confining pressure exceeds 6 MPa, the sensitivity of permeability to water pressure was relatively low. However, when the confining pressure was below 4 MPa, the permeability increase exponentially with increasing water pressure. Under dynamic coupling conditions, the overall trend of coal permeability showed two distinct features: a plateau period and a rapid increase period. The research results provide references for understanding water inflow paths, estimating water quantities in coal seams after mining-induced stress relief, and predicting water inrush risks.

In order to improve the interaction between prefabricated extruded panel sandwich infill walls and reinforced concrete frames, low circumferential repeated loading tests of flexible and semi-flexible infill friction energy-consuming assembled connection infill wall frames with a scaling ratio of 1∶2 and pure frames were carried out, and the main study analyzed the effects of different infilling methods of the prefabricated extruded panel sandwich infill walls under the new assembled connection nodes on the seismic performance of the frames in terms of damage patterns, hysteresis characteristics, deformation, and other seismic performances. The results show that the seismic performance of prefabricated walls-frames with semi-flexible or flexible infill assembly connection is improved compared with that of empty frames, while the difference between prefabricated walls-frames with semi-flexible and flexible infill assembly connection is not much in terms of ductility and bearing capacity degradation, and the former performs much better in terms of framing crack development, stiffness, and bearing capacity. Therefore, semi-flexible infill assembly connection should be used between the frames of prefabricated extruded panel sandwich infill walls.

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of steel bars in recycled concrete, calcined nano-attapulgite (CNAT) was used to improve the performance of recycled concrete, The effects of CNAT content and recycled aggregate replacement rate on the corrosion rate, bonding characteristics and chloride ion migration coefficient of steel bars under different corrosion times were investigated through electrochemical accelerated corrosion tests and steel bar drawing tests. The microstructure of recycled concrete was also analyzed by combining the results of pore size measurement and scanning electron microscope characterization tools. The research results show that the corrosion rate of steel reinforcement increases with the rise in the proportion of recycled aggregate substituted, and first decrease and then stabilizes with the increase in CNAT dosage. The bond strength and chloride migration coefficient of reinforcement-concrete demonstrated an initial upward trajectory, followed by a decline with the increase of CNAT dosage. The optimal properties of recycled concrete were achieved at a dosage of 6% CNAT. The addition of an appropriate quantity of CNAT can enhance the internal pore structure, reduce the prevalence of cracks, and improve the bonding and sliding properties between rebar and recycled concrete. The research results provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing the structural performance of recycled concrete.

To study the mechanical effects of the arch cover method in the construction of large-span underground subway station with upper soft and lower hard excavation, taking the construction of Southeast Mountain Station on Dalian Metro Line 4 as the research background, a research method adjoining numerical simulation and on-site monitoring was adopted. MIDAS-GTS/NX finite element software was used to study deformation and stability of surrounding rock and contrastive analysis with on-site measured data. The research results indicate that surface subsidence shows a decreasing trend from the centerline of the station to both sides, and the affected region is about twice the excavation skip distance of the station. The variant and stress of country rock have apparent symmetrical characteristics, the surrounding rock of the arch is mainly caused by settlement, while the high side wall is mainly uplift, the arch spans invades towards the tunnel clearance, the large arch foot invades towards the surrounding rock; the von mises stress of the country rock is under compression, and there is a phenomenon of concentration of stresses at the closed angle of the arch foot; the location of the plastic region of the country rock change continuously with the build of the depot, and ultimately funnel into the high side walls. The verification of surface settlement is predicted using the Peck formula, and the feasibility of using the arch cover method for construction in upper soft and lower hard strata is verified, which provides a reference for similar practical projects.

In order to analyze and optimize the design scheme of anchoring bolts for super-long cantilever steel supports, a calculation model for the cross-sectional stress of each anchoring bolt under variable parameter conditions was established. The continuous change process of the cross-sectional stress of all anchoring bolts of two kinds of super-long cantilever steel supports was simulated, and the influence mechanism of parameter changes on the cross-sectional stress of bolts was analyzed. Based on the principle of minimum stress of each bolt cross section, the design scheme of cantilever steel support is optimized and applied to practical engineering. The calculated stress of the bolts of each anchoring device was compared with the simulated stress of COMSOL, and the stress distribution cloud map was obtained. The numerical calculation results show that no matter the super-long cantilever steel support is fixed on the column or the beam, when the diagonal bracing beam is fixed at the 3/4 length position of the extended beam, the maximum normal stress combination and the average shear stress combination of all the anchorage bolt cross sections are the smallest. The average shear stress of the bolt cross section of the fixed section of the horizontal beam is the largest, and the maximum normal stress of the bolt cross section of the diagonal bracing beam is the largest. The research results can provide guidance for the design of super-long cantilever steel support and its anchorage device.

To reveal the creep mechanical properties of sandstone and mudstone fillers under different mix proportions, shear creep tests were conducted on sandstone and mudstone fillers under different mix proportions. The experiment found that the stress-strain curve of the filling material exhibited obvious nonlinear characteristics. Therefore, a viscoelastic modulus reflecting different mix proportions and load times was defined to describe the viscoelastic deformation of the filling material. A unsteady elastic body was established to describe the instantaneous elastic deformation, and an SP element was introduced to construct a unsteady viscoplastic body to characterize the viscoplastic deformation. Thus, a nonlinear creep mechanical model of sandstone and mudstone filling material under different mix proportions was obtained. Simultaneously the new model and the basic model were used to simulate the creep test data of fillers, and verify that the new model is reasonable and feasible. The research conclusions provide a reference for the long-term stability evaluation of wharf sand-mudstone mixed filler foundation.

To address the issue of shield tunnel segment being adversely affected by the expansion deformation resulting from water absorption in special surrounding rock when tunneling through expansive rock stratum, a grouting slurry formulated with sodium bentonite, cement, fly ash, river sand, and water is used as the matrix for the backfill behind the shield tunnel segment. Polypropylene fiber (PPF) and basalt fiber (BF) are blended into this slurry to enhance the cushioning capacity, deformation resistance, and toughness of the grouting stone body. By setting different levels of fiber volume contents and fiber volume hybrid ratios, the influence pattern of hybrid fiber on the properties of grouting slurry was explored, and the mechanism of action was analyzed. Finally, a mechanical property prediction model was established. The research results indicate that the addition of hybrid fiber has a significant impact on the properties of the grouting slurry, particularly exhibiting notable improvement and toughening effects on the mechanical properties of the grouting stone body. The research conclusions can provide a reference for the application of hybrid fiber in the grouting project behind the shield tunnel segment.

为更真实地描述恶意软件在工业互联网中的传播动态行为，基于动力学系统理论，引入时延因素，构建可变隔离率的时延恶意软件传播模型。针对恶意软件感染早期阶段感染节点数量较小的特点，模型根据感染主机数量的变化动态调整隔离率；对模型进行数值分析和仿真实验，结合理论推导得出Hopf分岔的阈值。研究结果表明：时延的存在导致系统出现Hopf分岔现象，当时延小于阈值时，系统保持稳定；当时延超过阈值时，系统呈现不稳定状态。表明该模型能够更准确地预测恶意软件传播的动态过程。研究结论为工业互联网安全防护策略的制定提供理论依据。

为研究开挖蓄水对边坡上部重要建（构）筑物的影响，利用物理实验探究开挖和蓄水过程中边坡岩体的应力、变形、地表沉降以及孔隙水压力的变化情况，对开挖扰动以及蓄水的作用下边坡体与断层构造带变形、破坏特征及其规律进行分析。研究结果表明：开挖会导致岩体应力重新分布，近坡面应力变化较大，开挖时上盘岩体在自重力的作用下会沿断层破碎带产生相对错动。蓄水初期，边坡坡体表面受到动静水压力作用产生压密变形，内部孔隙水压力升高，边坡向临空向变形，坡顶出现沉降趋势。实验结果可为高陡露天煤矿滑坡防控提供理论参考。

为实现基坑地表沉降高精度预测，采用卷积神经网络、BP神经网络和长短期记忆神经网络算法构建基坑沉降变形基础预测模型，基于熵值法和CRITIC权重法建立组合预测模型，并以基坑变形监测数据为基础，对单一预测模型和组合预测模型的预测精度进行评估。研究结果表明：与单一预测模型相比，熵值法组合预测模型的平均绝对误差最大降低91.80%，均方误差最大降低99.40%，平均绝对百分比误差最大降低91.50%;CRITIC法组合预测模型的平均绝对误差最大降低86.04%，均方误差最大降低98.19%，平均绝对百分比误差最大降低85.52%，组合预测模型比单一预测模型的性能更优。研究结果可为提高基坑地表沉降预测精度及保障基坑施工安全提供参考。

为解决铁尾矿大量堆存引发的环境问题，探究铁尾矿在建材领域的资源化利用。采用比表面积为472 m2/kg的铁尾矿粉（472ITP），以及比表面积分别为320 m2/kg、430 m2/kg的铁尾矿泥（320ITM、430ITM）作为砂浆掺合料，研究不同掺量的铁尾矿对砂浆强度和收缩开裂性能的影响。研究结果表明：在掺量为10%时，472ITP10和430ITM10在7 d和28 d的抗压强度和抗折强度未出现下降；当掺量为20%时，320ITM20抗压强度最高，砂浆的收缩应变减少33.03%～38.54%。综合考虑铁尾矿掺合料对砂浆强度与收缩性能的影响，认为铁尾矿粉及铁尾矿泥的掺量以20%最佳。研究结论可为铁尾矿掺合料在砂浆中的应用提供理论参考。

为揭示冲击地压的发生机理，分析了多个冲击地压实例，提出冲击地压的新分类及其发生机制。研究结果表明：存在两种不同破坏类型的冲击地压，定义为煤体破碎型和煤体滑动型，前者以煤体的冲击破碎为显著特征，后者以煤体整体冲入巷道内为主要特征。煤体破碎型冲击地压的发生机理为破裂冲击机理，即煤体在高应力作用下破裂后围岩发生弹性回弹，对煤体产生准动态加载，导致煤体发生冲击破坏；煤体滑动型冲击地压的机理为卸载滑脱机理，即特定条件下顶板向上挠曲导致煤层竖直压力降低，竖向夹持力降低的煤体在水平应力作用下整体冲入巷道。研究结论可为冲击地压的分类和精准防治提供指导。

为分析煤矿热动力灾害防治理论及技术相关研究现状，提高对煤自燃、瓦斯爆炸及诱发耦合灾害等方面的认识，系统总结了当前煤矿热动力灾害研究的成果，分析研究领域国内外进展及不足。研究结果表明：当前热动力灾害基础理论方面需深入多灾种耦合复杂致灾机理及影响机制的研究，防治技术方面需着力发展精细化、低碳化、智能化防治技术及装备，管理方面需以科学理论为基础，制定合理可行的监管监察防灾治灾临界指标。研究结论为煤矿热动力灾害防治理论及技术进一步发展提供参考。

为解决内河航道通航时船舶相互遮挡导致的错检和漏检问题，提出一种基于改进YOLOv5模型的内河道船舶检测方法。该方法采用C2f模块以捕捉和融合多尺度特征，增强低级特征的语义信息；引入Shuffle Attention模块强化特征表示，使模型能够聚焦于信息量更大的区域，并有效抑制无关特征；同时，采用Wise-IoU损失函数，有效防止低质量锚框产生有害梯度，加速模型的优化过程。研究结果表明：改进后模型的平均精度mAP_@0.5达到98.9%,m AP_@0.5:0.95达到79.1%，较原YOLOv5模型分别提高了1.2和2.8个百分点。此外，针对数据集中的6种船舶分别进行实验，实验结果显示各种船舶的检测精度均有提升，其中内河航道常见的矿砂船的mAP_@0.5提升了1.5个百分点，mAP_@0.5:0.95提升5.9个百分点。研究结论为内河道船舶检测提供了可靠的技术支持。

为判定大直径嵌岩桩基础极限承载力，采用桩基础竖向静载荷试验方法、桩基础承载力理论和泛函数分析方法，构造嵌岩桩系统的势能函数、比能函数，提出嵌岩桩极限承载力判定的比能对比法，即当桩端应力超过嵌岩段桩周岩体的极限抗剪强度时，嵌岩桩达到极限承载状态。研究结果表明：嵌岩桩基础极限承载力与嵌岩深径比、岩体强度呈正相关关系，比能对比法可以客观判定嵌岩桩基础极限承载力。研究结论为大直径嵌岩桩基础极限承载力判定提供新的方法。

为探究深基坑在开挖过程中的变形与破坏规律，并实现对基坑安全性的定量评估，采用FLAC3D数值模拟软件，结合破坏接近度理论，对基坑开挖过程中土体应力状态进行系统分析，精确量化基坑周边土体的损伤程度及其影响范围。研究结果表明：基坑围护结构的变形呈现出明显的“两端较小、中部较大”的特点；而地表沉降则表现为典型的“凹槽”形态；利用破坏接近度指标可以直观地反映岩土体在施工期间的破坏进程及发展趋势，区分不同区域受到的影响程度。研究结论为量化分析基坑施工风险提供理论参考。

针对现有设计规范进行桩后主动土压力计算时未考虑车辆载荷的动力效应对支护结构影响的问题，在平面滑裂面假定的基础上，结合拟动力学分析方法，考虑车辆动载荷作用下桩后土体受惯性力的影响，推导出车辆载荷作用下主动土压力的计算式，将主动土压力分为动土压力分量和静土压力分量。分析土体容重、桩-土外摩擦角对主动土压力的影响，以及水平振动加速度系数、内摩擦角、行车速度、车桩间距对动土压力的影响，对比分析不同黏聚力情况下的主动土压力分布规律。研究结果表明：桩后动土压力呈非线性分布；在车辆载荷作用下，一个振动周期内桩后主动土压力随滑动面倾角的增大和时间的持续先增大后减小；动土压力幅值随车桩间距的增大而减小，振动周期随车速的增大而增大。

为解决传统特征分析加机器学习的电弧故障检测方法的准确率和实时性受到特征参数选取的主观性及特征分析过程的影响问题，搭建了三相多负载并联的串联型电弧故障实验系统，对不同支路、不同相发生电弧故障时的干路电流信号时间序列进行分析。将电流信号进行分类、分段、标准化处理并作为检测模型样本；对深度卷积神经网络模型、长短期记忆网络模型、普通神经网络模型进行架构及训练；通过差分处理对网络模型在线分类结果进行优化分析；以准确度和损失函数值、在线测试速度、优化后多分类识别准确率为评价指标，对比分析了3种模型故障检测及选线效果。研究结果表明：基于深度卷积神经网络的串联型电弧故障检测及选线模型对电机类负载故障检测及选线准确率可达96.77%，对变频器类负载故障检测及选线准确率可到98%，准确率高于近几年其他三相回路电弧故障检测模型。

针对超大采高液压支架试验台垂直加载液压缸同步控制问题，提出一种基于模糊进程标识符（PID）相邻交叉耦合同步控制策略，利用Creo-Adams及ANSYS建立液压支架试验台刚柔耦合动力学仿真模型，根据垂直加载实际工况添加约束条件。利用AMEsim及Matlab/Simulink建立垂直加载液压系统控制模型，基于各软件之间的接口技术构建Adams-AMEsim-Simulink机液控一体化的试验台多领域协同仿真模型。仿真得到模糊PID和常规PID下相邻交叉耦合同步控制策略的加载液压缸位移跟踪曲线、负载变化曲线、信号控制曲线、同步误差曲线。研究结果表明，相比于常规PID算法，模糊PID算法下的系统具有响应速度更快、控制精度更高等特点，使液压支架垂直加载四缸同步精度误差小于0.1 mm，满足使用要求。研究结论为液压支架试验台垂直外加载系统设计提供参考。

为研究抚顺西露天矿边坡中泥岩蠕变特征，利用ITZ-1型三轴剪切仪，采用陈氏分级加载法对抚顺西露天矿边坡中的岩样进行蠕变试验，获得岩样蠕变曲线。对试验数据进行数值拟合得到改进的Burgers模型基本参数，在ABAQUS有限元分析软件中对改进的Burgers模型二次开发编写UMAT子程序。通过Python脚本结合Voronoi多边形法建立岩石介观结构模型，模拟得出岩样蠕变曲线，分析试验蠕变曲线及数值模拟得出的介观尺度损伤。研究结果表明：抚顺西露天矿边坡中泥岩具有减速和等速蠕变阶段特性，岩石介观模型模拟所得蠕变结果与试验结果误差较小，泥岩中沿轴向生长的介观结构更易发生损伤、破坏。所建岩石介观模型可以更精确地模拟岩石介观结构特征，为工程实际中的岩石力学仿真模拟提供参考。

为探究平煤股份八矿超远距离下组煤层超前开采对上覆煤岩层的影响，采用相似材料模拟实验分析超远距离下组煤层超前开采上覆煤岩层裂隙及应力演化规律，并进行现场验证。研究结果表明：超远距离下组煤层超前开采条件下，随工作面推进，上覆煤岩层裂隙率呈先上升后平稳的趋势，当工作面从187 m推进至272 m，裂隙发育最快；超远距离下组煤层超前开采对上覆煤岩层有卸压效果，但与常规情况下相比卸压滞后距离较大；上覆岩层卸压比戊组煤层大；通过现场验证发现，随工作面推进，矿压呈先上升再下降后稳定的趋势，并将工作面区域分为未干扰区、应力集中区、卸压区和稳定区。研究结论可为平煤矿区远距离下组煤层超前开采、上组煤层工作面瓦斯防治和采区工作面采掘部署提供参考。

为综合利用固体废弃物，以再生粗骨料部分取代天然骨料、以铁尾矿砂部分取代天然砂分别作为粗、细骨料，同时以纳米偏高岭土（NMK）部分取代水泥作为胶凝材料制成铁尾矿砂-再生混凝土（IRC），进行立方体抗压强度试验，探究NMK对IRC抗压强度的影响。利用扫描电镜（SEM）及氮吸附法（BJH）研究再生混凝土微观结构的变化规律。研究结果表明：铁尾矿砂取代率的增加会提高再生混凝土强度变化率，且取代率越大，抗压强度变化率越高；适量掺入NMK可以提高再生混凝土的抗压强度，当NMK取代率为5%时，抗压强度最大；掺入适量的NMK可以通过促进二次水化反应生成大量的C-S-H凝胶，提高砂浆内部及砂浆与骨料之间的密实度，提升界面过渡区强度，优化内部孔隙结构，进而提升IRC的抗压强度。

为分析废弃矿坑改造成蓄水湖时充水高度对内排土场边坡稳定性的影响，采用室内相似试验、数值模拟和理论分析的方法对不同水位高度下内排土场边坡稳定性进行研究。研究结果表明：随着充水高度的增加，浸润线运移速度、边坡最大位移、孔隙水压力和边坡土体受到的压力整体呈增长趋势。充水高度越大，边坡倾角越大，边坡稳定系数越低。研究结论为露天煤矿改造成蓄水湖或蓄能水电站项目工程提供参考。

为厘清煤与瓦斯突出事故的发生规律，从时间和空间2个维度，对1950—2022年中国煤与瓦斯突出事故进行统计分析并提出防突措施与建议。研究结果表明：1950—2022年中国煤与瓦斯突出事故的时间分布特征可划分为大幅上升时期（1950—1980年）、持续好转时期（1981—2000年）和稳定下降时期（2001—2022年）。空间分布特征为范围广、较集中、南多北少、南重北轻。煤与瓦斯突出事故发生次数随时间逐渐减少，死亡人数与煤矿事故总死亡人数之比随时间波动上涨。煤与瓦斯突出矿井的空间分布总体呈南多北少的特点。研究结果为中国煤与瓦斯突出事故防治提供参考。

针对高光谱遥感影像数据中存在较多冗余信息的问题，以染色体的信息量排序为基础，构建联合条件互信息和多元互信息的适应度函数，提高所选特征可以提供的信息量，将适应度函数作为差分进化算法的评价标准，通过最大化适应度函数获得最优特征子集，提出一种新型光谱特征选择算法，使用每条染色体中所选特征的信息量来计算相关性。实验结果表明：在16类地物中该算法在9类上分类准确度最高，说明将基于信息量的相关性的估算作为适应度函数与群体智能优化算法相结合能更好地应用于高光谱遥感影像的光谱特征选择。

为研究膨胀土硬质地层振动载荷沉桩的挤土效应，基于膨胀土剪切膨胀、遇水软化的力学特性，提出“水冲法”辅助沉桩关键技术，通过现场试验和有限元模拟，得到H型、O型钢板桩沉桩时桩周土体深层水平位移、深层土压力的变化规律。研究表明：桩周土体的深层水平位移、深层土压力均与土层性质、土层深度密切相关，膨胀土的剪胀作用能够显著增强沉桩的挤土效应。与未采取辅助措施相比，采取“水冲法”辅助措施后，桩周土体的深层水平位移、深层土压力的最大值均可减小50%以上。“水冲法”辅助措施可显著削弱沉桩对周边环境的不利影响，为组合钢板桩支护技术的设计与施工提供重要的技术支撑。

为获取较为准确可靠的岩土参数值，提升岩土工程勘察效率，以黄石市区第四系全新统湖积层（Q4l）淤泥质土和第四系上更新统残积层（Q3el）粉质黏土为研究对象，采用灰色关联分析法分析土层各岩土参数之间的关联程度，建立逐步回归模型，得到力学参数的经验公式。研究结果表明：土体的力学参数与其物理参数存在联系，确定了黄石市区两类典型土体的力学参数与物理参数相关度；逐步回归模型得到的力学参数与物理参数之间的经验公式拟合效果较好。研究结论为岩土工程勘察相关参数的快速获取及标定提供参考。

为研究深埋隧洞中黏结型锚固系统的黏结性能，保证深部隧道开挖安全，以锦屏二级水电站2#引水深埋隧洞的高应力条件为研究背景，采用数值模拟、试验和监测相结合的方法，研究隧洞开挖与锚杆拉拔过程中的黏结性能。研究结果表明：开挖后围岩应力会发生重分布，围压总体上随开挖深度的增大而增大，围岩应力呈不均匀性，出现局部失稳现象；当围岩的强度增大时，黏结型锚杆的剪应力峰值随之增大，达到峰值后，剪应力的衰减幅度变大；锚杆的受力过程可分为弹性、塑性软化和完全滑移3个阶段，最终完全失效；当锚杆体-注浆体直径差为6～9 mm时，黏结性能最优。研究结果可为黏结型锚杆在深埋隧洞等地下工程中的应用提供参考。

针对麻雀搜索算法在寻优过程中容易陷入局部最优、依赖种群初始化等缺陷，提出一种改进搜索机制的自适应t分布麻雀搜索算法（ATSSA）。引入Bernoulli混沌映射来获得高质量的初始种群；受鱼鹰优化算法中鱼鹰捕鱼方式的启发，改进发现者搜索机制，使发现者在寻优过程中表现出更大的灵活性，从而增强算法的勘探能力；根据概率引入自适应t分布算子进行扰动，以提升算法的收敛速度；采用黄金正弦策略来改变警觉者位置，提高算法的收敛能力。在14个基准函数上进行测试并进行Wilcoxon秩和检验来验证算法的性能。研究结果表明，ATSSA具有良好的寻优效果和鲁棒性。

为解决传统巡检图像检测方法对电力设备小目标缺陷检测能力弱、错检和漏检率高、浅层网络语义信息不足等问题，提出针对电力设备小目标缺陷的多尺度特征融合增强检测模型（multi-scale feature fusion enhanced youonlylookonce,MFFE-YOLO）。该方法设计了一种多尺度特征融合增强机制（multi-scalefeaturefusion enhancement,MFFE），能够更全面地捕捉目标特征。研究表明：在C2f-EF模块中嵌入跨空间学习多尺度注意力机制EMA以及FasterNet Block，能够优化模型的运行效率；MFFE-YOLO方法的平均精度、参数量和帧率指标均优于其他方法，能够实现高精度与实时性之间的良好平衡。

为研究老化对苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）改性沥青自愈合能力的影响，建立SBS改性沥青分子模型，并通过计算玻璃化转变温度、内聚能密度、溶解度参数验证其合理性。在此基础上，建立SBS改性沥青自愈合模型，评价不同老化条件下SBS改性沥青的自愈合性能。研究结果表明：常温条件下，沥青老化和SBS老化均会降低SBS改性沥青的自愈合能力，其中，沥青老化对SBS改性沥青自愈合能力的影响较大，SBS老化对改性沥青自愈合能力的影响较小。与“基质沥青+SBS”自愈合模型相比，“老化沥青+老化SBS”自愈合模型的裂纹修复时间明显延长。对沥青进行再生恢复是改善老化后沥青混合料裂纹修复性能的关键。研究结果为优化道路沥青材料的开发设计提供理论参考。

针对传统矿井通风技术智能化方面存在的不足，采用文献调研的方法，通过分析现有研究，从系统通风、局部通风、矿井智能通风理念、生产时期智能通风、灾变时期智能通风5个方面进行梳理与总结，探讨矿井智能通风系统的发展进程与技术趋势。研究结果表明：矿井智能通风的基础理论尚不完善，基于监测数据的实时仿真和按需调节技术仍需进一步研究，灾变时期的智能决策与控制将成为未来的重点研究方向。研究结论为矿井智能通风的理论发展和应用提供参考。

针对滑坡分级预警方法准确率低、预警重复率高、不具有普适性的问题，基于滑坡过程中位移演化的统计学特征，利用正态性检验原理，建立基于表面位移与深部位移信息相结合的滑面超前辨识与滑坡分级预警方法。对表面位移速度、表面位移加速度、深部位移错动量进行正态性检验，由此判断滑坡启动、滑坡加速和滑坡加加速的三级预警时间，通过工程实例验证了三级预警时间的准确性、推断的滑面位置的合理性。研究结论可丰富滑坡预警理论及方法，提高预警精度，为露天矿边坡工程设计提供参考。