短链脂肪酸在肝性脑病中的免疫调节作用及潜在诊疗价值

陈玮钰, 毛德文, 王涵, 杜洋, 冯雯倩, 付蕾, 姚春

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临床肝胆病杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (05) : 954-962. DOI: 10.12449/JCH250523
综述

短链脂肪酸在肝性脑病中的免疫调节作用及潜在诊疗价值

作者信息 +

Immunomodulatory effect of short-chain fatty acids in hepatic encephalopathy and its potential diagnostic value

Author information +
History +

摘要

肝性脑病（HE）作为临床常见的严重肝病终末期并发症，其有效救治率亟需提升，发病机制亟待攻克。肝脏是重要的免疫调节中心，免疫稳态失衡在HE的病理机制中占主导地位。短链脂肪酸（SCFA）作为肠道菌群的主要代谢物之一，在先天性免疫和适应性免疫的生物学过程中扮演着重要角色，能够调控免疫细胞的增殖分化、维持肠道微环境稳态和屏障功能完整性。研究表明，SCFA通过免疫调节途径与肝-肠-脑轴进行双向、动态的交互反应和信号传递，在HE的诊疗和预后评估方面具有不可忽视的作用。基于此，本文以SCFA的免疫调节效应为切入点，就SCFA与肝-肠-脑轴的串扰关系，以及SCFA在HE诊疗中的重要意义进行归纳和探讨，以期为优化HE临床防治方案提供新的思路。

Abstract

Hepatic encephalopathy （HE） is a common complication of severe liver disease in the end stage，and it is urgently needed to improve the rate of effective treatment and clarify the pathogenesis of HE. The liver is a crucial hub for immune regulation，and disruption of immune homeostasis is a key factor in the pathological mechanisms of HE. As the main metabolites of intestinal flora，short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs） play a vital role in the biological processes of both innate and adaptive immunity and can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells maintain the homeostasis of intestinal microenvironment and the integrity of barrier function. Studies have shown that SCFAs participate in bidirectional and dynamic interactions with the liver-gut-brain axis through immunomodulatory pathways，thereby playing an important role in the diagnosis，treatment，and prognostic evaluation of HE. Starting from the immunoregulatory effect of SCFAs，this article summarizes and analyzes the crosstalk relationship between SCFAs and the liver-gut-brain axis and the significance of SCFAs in the diagnosis and treatment of HE，in order to provide new ideas for optimizing clinical prevention and treatment strategies.

关键词

肝性脑病 / 脂肪酸类，挥发性 / 免疫调节 / 胃肠道微生物组

Key words

Hepatic Encephalopathy / Fatty Acids，Volatile / Immunomodulation / Gastrointestinal Microbiome

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陈玮钰 , 毛德文 , 王涵 , 等. 短链脂肪酸在肝性脑病中的免疫调节作用及潜在诊疗价值. 临床肝胆病杂志. 2025, 41(05): 954-962 https://doi.org/10.12449/JCH250523
CHEN Weiyu, MAO Dewen, WANG Han, et al. Immunomodulatory effect of short-chain fatty acids in hepatic encephalopathy and its potential diagnostic value[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatol. 2025, 41(05): 954-962 https://doi.org/10.12449/JCH250523

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姚春、陈玮钰负责研究选题并拟定写作思路；毛德文、王涵、付蕾负责设计论文框架；杜洋、冯雯倩负责收集和整理文献材料；陈玮钰负责文章撰写及修改。

基金

广西重点研发计划项目（桂科AB22035076）
国家自然科学基金地区基金(82260899)
广西研究生教育创新计划项目(YCBZ2024149)
广西研究生教育创新计划项目(YCSW2024407)
国家中医药传承创新中心研究任务(2023019-03)
广西中药壮瑶药多学科交叉创新团队(GZKJ2301)
广西疑难重症中医诊疗研究团队(2022A001)
国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目(zyyzdxk-2023166)

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