The large-span steel roof structure adopts a segmented and stepwise overall lifting construction technique. During the construction process， there are sudden changes in the structural system and boundary conditions， and the overall lifting is a dynamic process with abrupt variations in the structural force state. In response to the dynamic construction process， including the overall lifting， stress and deformation change rate indicators are proposed based on first-order differences of time series. A three-level early warning mechanism and thresholds for stress and deformation are introduced based on simulation results of the construction process and the 3σ criterion. A monitoring of component stress and structural deformation was conducted during a static loading test on a K6 reticulated shell， with the monitoring results analyzed and used for early warning. The results indicate that before the overall collapse of the shell structure， there are clear nonlinear characteristics in the structural force state. The proposed stress and deformation change rate indicators， along with the early warning mechanism， can effectively warn of nonlinear changes in the force state before an overall collapse， allowing personnel to take emergencymeasures in advance. The proposed change rate monitoring indicators and early warning mechanism were applied to the overall lifting process of the steel roof structure at Shanghai Songjiang South Station to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the change rate indicators and their early warning mechanism can effectively warn of abrupt changes in the structural force state caused by load and boundary changes during the lifting process， validating the effectiveness of the proposed method.