目的 制备负载蜂胶的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）纳米纤维膜，阐明其理化性能、药物释放行为、抗菌性和生物相容性。 方法 将质量分数为0.12%的蜂胶溶解于质量分数为18%的PVB甲醇溶液中，利用静电纺丝法分别以PVB和PVB-蜂胶（PVB-P）溶液制备PVB及PVB-P纳米纤维膜；扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察PVB-P纳米纤维微观形貌，Nano Measurer软件分析纤维直径分布，傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析PVB-P化学组成，水接触角测量评价PVB-P亲水性，紫外分光光度计检测不同时间点蜂胶累计释放量；将PVB和PVB-P纳米纤维膜与金黄色葡萄球菌（S.aureus）、大肠杆菌（E.coli）、白色念珠菌（C.albicans）、沙门氏菌（Salmonella）及铜绿假单胞菌（P.aeruginosa）共培养，分为PVB组和PVB-P组，采用吸收法计算PVB和PVB-P对5种细菌的抑菌值；将NIH-3T3细胞接种于PVB和PVB-P纳米纤维膜上，分为PVB组和PVB-P组，CCK-8法检测PVB组和PVB-P组纳米纤维膜在1、3和7 d的细胞存活率。 结果 SEM观察，PVB与PVB-P纳米纤维相互交叉呈网状多孔结构，粗细均匀，无串珠；Nano Measurer软件检测，PVB纳米纤维直径为（0.50±0.10）μm，PVB-P纳米纤维直径为（0.54±0.16）μm。FTIR分析，PVB-P纳米纤维膜出现PVB特征峰（1 140和1 002 cm^-1）和蜂胶特征峰（1 161 cm^-1）。水接触角测量PVB膜为（144.26°±2.90°），PVB-P膜为（128.13°±1.36°）。紫外分光光度计检测，蜂胶1 d时释放0.04 mg，3 d时释放0.07 mg，7 d释放达到稳定，累计释放0.79 mg。吸收法检测，PVB-P纳米纤维膜对S.aureus、E.coli、C.albicans、Salmonella和P.aeruginosa抑菌值分别为4.39、1.27、5.68、3.16及1.87。CCK-8法检测，1、3和7 d NIH-3T3细胞在PVB组和PVB-P组细胞存活率均>90%，且组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 负载蜂胶的PVB纳米纤维膜直径增大，对S.aureus和C.albicans等具有抗菌作用并可实现蜂胶的持续释放。

Objective To prepare a polyvinyl butyral （PVB） nanofiber membrane loaded with propolis， and to clarify its physicochemical properties， drug release behavior， antibacterial activity， and biocompatibility. Methods Propolis with a mass fraction of 0.12% was dissolved in 18% （mass fraction） PVB methanol solution. PVB and PVB-propolis （PVB-P） nanofiber membranes were prepared using electrospinning from PVB and PVB-P solutions， respectively. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） was used to observe the microscopic morphology of PVB-P nanofibers， and the Nano Measurer software was used to analyze the fiber diameter distribution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） was used to analyze the chemical composition of PVB-P. Water contact angle measurements were used to evaluate the hydrophilicity of PVB-P. UV spectrophotometer was used to detect the cumulative release of propolis at different time points. PVB and PVB-P nanofiber membranes were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus （S.aureus）， Escherichia coli （E.coli）， Candida albicans （C.albicans）， Salmonella， and Pseudomonas aeruginosa （P.aeruginosa） and divided into PVB group and PVB-P group. The absorbance method was used to calculate the antibacterial values of PVB and PVB-P against the five types of bacteria. The NIH-3T3 cells were seeded on PVB and PVB-P nanofiber membranes and divided into PVB group and PVB-P group. The CCK-8 method was used to detect the survival rates of NIH-3T3 cells on the nanofiber membranes in PVB group and PVB-P group at 1， 3， and 7 d. Results The SEM results showed that PVB and PVB-P nanofibers were interconnected in a mesh-like porous structure， with uniform thickness and no beads. The Nano Measurer software measurement results showed that the diameter of PVB nanofibers was （0.50±0.10） μm， and the diameter of PVB-P nanofibers was （0.54±0.16） μm. FTIR analysis showed that PVB-P nanofiber membranes exhibited characteristic peaks of PVB （1 140 and 1 002 cm^-1） and propolis （1 161 cm^-1）. The water contact angle measurement results showed that the contact angle of PVB membrane was （144.26°±2.90°） and that of PVB-P membrane was （128.13°± 1.36°）. The UV spectrophotometer results showed that the cumulative release of propolis was 0.04 mg at 1 d， 0.07 mg at 3 d， and reached a steady state of 0.79 mg at 7 d. The absorbance method results showed that the antibacterial values of PVB-P nanofiber membranes against S.aureus， E.coli， C.albicans， Salmonella， and P. aeruginosa were 4.39， 1.27， 5.68， 3.16， and 1.87， respectively. The CCK-8 method results showed that the survival rates of NIH-3T3 cells on PVB and PVB-P nanofiber membranes was>90% at 1， 3， and 7 d， and there were no significant differences between various groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion The diameter of PVB nanofiber membranes loaded with propolis is increased， and these membranes exhibit antibacterial effects against S.aureus and C.albicans， while also achieving sustained release of propolis.