目的 分析富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活蛋白1（LGI-1）抗体阳性自身免疫性脑炎（AE）（LGI-1 AE）并发睡眠障碍和认知障碍患者的临床资料，探讨其可能的病理机制。 方法 患者，男性，68岁。因记忆力减退2个月，抽搐1个月入院，临床诊断LGI-1 AE，给予人免疫球蛋白联合甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠治疗后症状好转。在排除任何药物影响下，分别于急性期及恢复期对患者进行神经心理学评估及包括睡眠多导图（PSG）检查的睡眠评估。 结果 急性期评估提示患者存在严重认知障碍，简易精神状态检查量表（MMSE）评分22分，蒙特利尔认知评价量表（MoCA）评分19分。PSG检查，总睡眠时间明显缩短（265 min），睡眠全程碎片化，睡眠效率降低，N3和快速眼动期（REM）睡眠完全缺失。恢复期评估，患者认知功能改善（MMSE评分30分，MoCA评分26分），PSG检查总睡眠时间正常，睡眠潜伏期13.5 min，睡眠碎片化明显改善，睡眠效率提高（84.3%），N3期睡眠26 min（5.1%），REM期睡眠69 min（13.6%）。 结论 LGI-1 AE患者睡眠结构的异常与认知障碍在发病和转归方面同步，可能是LGI-1 AE患者认知障碍的病因之一。睡眠障碍的病理起源可能为下丘脑。下丘脑分泌素和LIM同源框（lhx6）通路可能成为纠正睡眠结构同时治疗认知障碍的新靶点。

Objective To analyze the clinical data of the patients with leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 （LGI-1） antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis （AE） （LGI-1 AE） complicated with sleep structure abnormality and cognitive impairment， and to discuss the possible pathogenic mechanism. Methods A 68-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital due to memory decline for 2 months and seizures for 1 month.After diagnosed with LGI-1 AE， the patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin combined with methylprednisolone sodium succinate， resulting in the improved symptoms. Excluding any pharmaceutical influences， the neuropsychological assessments， including sleep evaluations with polysomnography （PSG）， were performed during both the acute phase and the recovery phase. Results During the acute phase assessment， the patient exhibited severe cognitive impairments， scoring 22 on the Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） and 19 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA）.The PSG results showed that the total sleep time （265 min） was shortened， the sleep fragmentation throughout could be seen， the sleep efficiency was reduced， and N3 and rapid eye movement （REM） sleep stages were complete absent. In the recovery phase， the patient’s cognitive functions improved （MMSE score was 30， MoCA score was 26）， the total sleep time returned to normal with PSG， the sleep onset latency was 13.5 min， the sleep fragmentation notably improved， the sleep efficiency was increased to 84.3%，the N3 sleep lasted 26 min （5.1%）， and the REM sleep lasted 69 min （13.6%）. Conclusion The abnormality in sleep structure and cognitive impairment in the patients with LGI-1 AE are synchronous in onset and outcome， and may be one of the etiologies of cognitive dysfunction in these patients. The pathological origin of the sleep disorder may lie in the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic secretions and the Lhx6 pathway might become new targets for correcting the sleep structure while treating the cognitive impairment.