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环核苷酸门控离子通道及其功能的研究进展
方琳,李世鹏
PDF(468 KB)
PDF(468 KB)
环核苷酸门控离子通道及其功能的研究进展
)Research progress in cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels and its function
)环核苷酸门控（CNG）离子通道是一种非选择性的四聚体阳离子通道，可以直接被细胞内信使小分子——环核苷酸活化，是钙离子进入细胞的主要通道之一。CNG通道蛋白由6种不同基因编码：4个A亚单位和2个B亚单位。CNG离子通道的活性可被钙离子/钙调素（Ca2+/CaM）及磷酸化或膜上磷酸肌醇作用调节，从而改变细胞内钙离子浓度，参与多种生物学功能的调控。自从在视杆细胞中发现CNG离子通道以来，经历了对其生理功能、克隆相关基因、理解调控方式、解析晶体结构和开发相关的基因治疗方法等研究过程，在视觉和嗅觉感觉神经元（OSNs）的信号转导中发挥着重要作用。现就CNG离子通道的功能、结构、调控机制及其与相关疾病关系等方面进行简要综述，以期为CNG离子通道相关疾病的治疗提供理论依据。
Cyclic nucleotide-gated （CNG） ion channel is a type of non-selective tetrameric cation channel that can be directly activated by intracellular signaling molecules—cyclic nucleotides， and is one of the main pathways for calcium ions to enter the cells. The CNG channel proteins are encoded by six different genes： four A subunits and two B subunits. The activity of CNG ion channel can be modulated by calcium/calmodulin （Ca2+/CaM） as well as phosphorylation or the action of phosphatidylinositol on the membrane， thereby altering intracellular calcium ion concentrations and participating in the regulation of a variety of biological functions. Since the discovery of CNG ion channels in rod photoreceptors， it has undergone research processes such as physiological functions， cloning related genes， understanding regulatory mechanisms， analyzing crystal structures， and developing related gene therapy methods. They play an important role in signal transduction in olfactory sensory neurons （OSNs）of vision and smell. This article briefly reviews the function， structure， regulatory mechanism， and relationship with related diseases of CNG ion channel， in order to provide the theoretical basis and reference for the treatment of CNG ion channel-related diseases.
环核苷酸门控离子通道 / 钙离子 / 调控机制 / 视网膜
Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel / Calcium ion / Regulatory mechanism / Retina
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