To study the particulate emissions characteristics and optimization methods of the engine under transient conditions， takes a 2.8 L turbocharged diesel engine as the research object. Firstly， the effects of single factor injection parameters on the particulate emissions under transient loading conditions were studied. Then，Taguchi orthogonal experiment was designed to give the optimal control parameter combination with the number and quality of particles， and the influence weight of each control parameter was determined. The results show that during the transient loading process， the number and concentration of small-sized nuclear particles deteriorated significantly， and the mass concentration of large-sized accumulated particles deteriorated significantly； Appropriately advancing the injection timing， increasing the injection pressure and the introduction of post-injection can reduce particulate emissions； Meanwhile， the effect of control parameters on nuclear and accumulated particulates has a trade-off relationship， and the relatively large weight of particulate emissions is the effect of fuel injection timing， that is the factor of injection timing and post injection interval.