目的 评价学龄前儿童膳食质量，并探究家长喂养行为与膳食质量之间的关联。 方法 依托上海亲子队列收集数据，问卷调查3 177名学龄前儿童膳食摄入信息及家长喂养行为。使用膳食平衡指数评价学龄前儿童膳食质量，计算正端分（high bound score，HBS）、负端分（low bound score，LBS）和膳食质量距（diet quality distance，DQD），分别反映总体膳食摄入过量、不足及失衡。Logistic回归用于分析喂养行为与学龄前儿童膳食质量的关联。 结果 研究对象HBS、LBS和DQD分别为2（0， 8）、22.19±10.80和26.78±9.57。仅7.68%的儿童膳食摄入均衡，总体膳食摄入不足及摄入过量的比例分别为74.73%和33.99%。家长感知自身体重得分与学龄前儿童中高度膳食摄入过量的风险呈负向关联（aOR=0.79，95%CI：0.63~0.98）。家长喂养主导得分越高（aOR=1.19，95%CI：1.03~1.37），监督儿童饮食得分越低（aOR=0.83，95%CI：0.74~0.93），学龄前儿童存在中高度膳食摄入不足的可能性越大。逼迫儿童进食得分也与学龄前儿童膳食摄入不足及中高度膳食失衡的风险呈正相关（aOR=1.15~1.39，95%CI：1.02~1.63）。 结论 学龄前儿童普遍膳食摄入不均衡，摄入不足与摄入过量共存。家长感知自身体重、监督儿童饮食与学龄前儿童膳食质量正相关，而家长喂养主导、逼迫儿童进食与其呈负相关。

Objective To assess the dietary quality of preschool children and explore the relationship between feeding practices and dietary quality. Methods Relying on the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort， 3 177 preschool children were selected as the subjects for this study， and questionnaire were surveyed on their dietary intake and feeding practice. The diet balance index was used to evaluate dietary quality among preschool children. High bound score （HBS）， the low bound score （LBS）， and the dietary quality distance （DQD） were calculated to respectively reflect overall dietary overconsumption， insufficiency， and imbalance. Logistic regression was utilized to analyze the association between feeding practice and dietary quality in preschool children. Results The HBS， LBS， and DQD of the subjects were 2 （0， 8）， 22.19±10.80， and 26.78±9.57， respectively. Only 7.68% of the children had a balanced dietary intake， with 74.73% and 33.99% of overall dietary intake being inadequate and excessive， respectively. Parental perceived weight were negatively associated with the risk of moderate to high over intake among children （aOR=0.79， 95%CI：0.63-0.98）. The higher the perceived responsibility （aOR=1.19， 95%CI：1.03-1.37） score， the lower the monitoring score （aOR=0.83， 95%CI： 0.74-0.93）， and the higher the likelihood that the child had a moderate to high under intake. The scores of pressure to eat were also positively correlated with the risks of under intake and moderate to high overall unbalance in preschool children （aOR=1.15-1.39， 95%CI：1.02-1.63）. Conclusion Preschool children commonly experience dietary imbalance， with inadequate and excessive intake coexisting. Parental perceived weight and monitoring were positively associated with preschoolers’ dietary quality， whereas perceived responsibility and pressure to eat were negatively associated with it.