氢能是一种清洁、高效、零碳的顶极能源。天然氢的形成和运聚与板块构造活动密切相关。地球作为整个太阳系已知唯一发育有板块构造和表面存在液态水的岩质星球，具备地球脱气、蛇纹岩水岩反应、水辐射分解等独特的地质生氢路径。占据现今地球表面面积2/3的海底，发育洋壳甚至有地幔物质的直接剥露，具备蛇纹石化形成天然氢的巨大潜力。海底天然氢有沿微板块边界的大量氢气产出机制和海底裂缝导致的海底渗透型的另类机制，现今海底微板块边界、洋底高原、海底裂隙系统、沿超慢速-慢速洋中脊和非火山型被动陆缘出露的微幔块都是寻找天然氢的有利目标，南海东北陆缘的“陆壳裂洞”也十分值得关注。由于不同构造环境的天然氢的形成和储存条件存在较大差异，天然氢在生成、运移和存储等方面存在多样性和差异性，因此难以建立一套统一的氢气成藏模式，也无法精准确定潜在资源量。已有的氢气显示和预测的有利生氢场所，能否成藏、成藏机制如何以及如何开发利用，也依然是未来需要探索的问题。

Hydrogen energy is a clean, efficient, and zero-carbon energy source. The formation, transportation, and accumulation of natural hydrogen are closely related to plate tectonics. As the only rocky planet in the solar system known to have plate tectonics and liquid water, Earth has unique geological hydrogen generation pathways such as degassing, serpentinization, and water radiolysis. The ocean-floor, which occupies two-thirds of the Earth’s surface, has great potential for natural hydrogen generation through serpentinization, due to the extensive exposure of oceanic crust or mantle along or around microplate boundaries and ocean-floor fissures. Microplate boundaries, submarine plateaus, ocean floor fracture zones, micro-mantle blocks, and non-volcanic passive continental margins are favorable targets for exploring ocean-floor natural hydrogen. The northeastern continental margin of the South China Sea is also worthy of attention. However, it is difficult to establish a unified ocean-floor hydrogen accumulation model due to the significant differences and diversity in the formation, migration, and storage conditions of natural hydrogen in different tectonic settings. The predicted hydrogen sites, whether they can form reservoirs, how they form reservoirs, and the related exploitation and utilization technologies need to be explored in the future.