巴基斯坦铅、锌地球化学分布特征与成矿潜力及对特提斯带沉积岩容矿铅锌找矿勘查的启示

张辉善, 宋玉财, 李文昌, 马中平, 张晶, 洪俊, 刘磊, 吕鹏瑞, 王志华, 张海迪, 杨博, Naghmah HAIDER, Yasir Shaheen KHALIL, Asad Ali NAREJO

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地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1) : 105-126. DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.10.44
特提斯成矿带战略资源地球化学调查评价

巴基斯坦铅、锌地球化学分布特征与成矿潜力及对特提斯带沉积岩容矿铅锌找矿勘查的启示

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Geochemical distribution and metallogenic potential of Pb-Zn in Pakistan and its implications for mineral prospecting in sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in the Tethys belt

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摘要

巴基斯坦位于青藏高原和伊朗高原之间,是特提斯域的重要组成,已发现有一些铅锌矿床和矿点。受地质工作程度低、缺少系统的地质勘查和投入等因素的影响,目前铅锌成矿规律和成矿区带延伸情况不清,成矿潜力不明。低密度地球化学调查是研究铅锌等金属元素分布特征、快速圈定成矿预测区和分析铅锌成矿潜力的有效方法。本文基于巴基斯坦1∶1 000 000低密度地球化学调查结果,阐述了巴基斯坦铅、锌元素地球化学背景和异常分布特征,结合铅锌矿床成矿地质背景、成矿类型和关键控矿要素,圈定了有利的铅锌找矿预测区,同时预测潜在的矿床类型,为铅锌找矿勘查提供依据。研究表明,巴基斯坦全境基岩出露区铅元素在水系沉积物中的含量为0.37~155.90 μg/g,平均含量为13.44 μg/g,高于地壳克拉克值。锌元素在水系沉积物中的含量为1.78~288.70 μg/g,平均含量为52.10 μg/g,低于地壳克拉克值。根据92%累频为异常下限(Pb含量为18.4 μg/g,Zn含量为76.0 μg/g)共圈定18个铅地球化学异常和24个锌地球化学异常、9处铅锌矿找矿预测区,划分3个主要成矿系列,提出巴基斯坦中南部胡兹达尔—贝拉地区和奎达地区具有寻找沉积岩容矿有关的SEDEX和MVT型铅锌矿较大潜力。该区向西与伊朗的萨南达季—锡尔詹铅锌成矿带连接,向东延伸到中国的甜水海—三江铅锌成矿带,是特提斯巨型沉积岩容矿铅锌成矿带的重要组成,特提斯带内其他成矿带和地区仍具有寻找该类型铅锌矿的较大潜力。

Abstract

Pakistan, which is located between the Tibetan and Iranian Plateaus, is an important part of the Tethys Domain, where some lead-zinc deposits and ore occurrences have been revealed. The metallogenic pattern and the extend of lead-zinc mineralization zones, however, are unclear due to lack of systematic geological investigation, and the metallogenic potential of lead and zinc in Pakinstan remains undetermined. The low-density geochemical survey is an effective method to address the above issues. Based on the results of the 1∶1000000 low-density geochemical survey in Pakistan, this paper describes the geochemical background and geochemical anomaly distribution characteristics of lead and zinc in Pakistan. Combined with the regional geology and metallogeny, types, and key ore-controlling factors of lead-zinc deposits, favorable prospective areas are delineated and potential ore deposit types are proposed, providing the foundation for lead and zinc prospecting and exploration. The results show that the content of lead in stream sediments in the bedrock outcrop area of Pakistan ranged between 0.37-155.90 μg/g, with an average value of 13.44 μg/g, which is higher than the Clark value of the crust. The content of zinc varied from 1.78 to 288.70 μg/g, with an average value of 52.10 μg/g, which is lower than the Clark value of the crust. According to 92% cumulative frequency as the lower limit of anomaly (Pb = 18.4 μg/g, Zn = 76.0 μg/g), a total of 18 lead geochemical anomalies, 24 zinc geochemical anomalies, nine lead-zinc prospective areas were delineated, and three main metallogenic series were identified. It is suggested that the Khuzdar-Rasbela and Quetta areas of south-central Pakistan have great prospecting potential for SEDEX and MVT lead-zinc deposits. This region—connecting with the Sanandagi-Sirjan lead-zinc metallogenic belt of Iran to the west, extending to the Tianshuihai-Sanjiang lead-zinc metallogenic belt of China to the east—is an important component of the giant metallogenic belt of the Tethys hosting sedimentary lead-zinc deposits, and this type of lead-zinc deposits may also be found in other metallogenic belts and areas of the Tethys belt.

关键词

特提斯 / 成矿潜力 / 地球化学调查 / 沉积岩容矿铅锌矿 / SEDEX和MVT型 / 巴基斯坦

Key words

Tethy / metallogenic potential / geochemical survey / sedimentary lead-zinc deposits / SEDEX and MVT / Pakistan

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P632

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张辉善 , 宋玉财 , 李文昌 , 等. 巴基斯坦铅、锌地球化学分布特征与成矿潜力及对特提斯带沉积岩容矿铅锌找矿勘查的启示. 地学前缘. 2025, 32(1): 105-126 https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.10.44
Huishan ZHANG, Yucai SONG, Wenchang LI, et al. Geochemical distribution and metallogenic potential of Pb-Zn in Pakistan and its implications for mineral prospecting in sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in the Tethys belt[J]. Earth Science Frontiers. 2025, 32(1): 105-126 https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.10.44

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基金

国家自然科学基金项目(92155305)
国家自然科学基金项目(42372115)
国际地球科学计划项目(IGCP-741)
陕西省国际科技合作计划重点项目(2021KWZ-19)
中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20201159)
中国科学院海外科教合作中心部署项目(046GJHZ2023071MI)

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