墨西哥是拉丁美洲经济大国和世界重要的矿业生产国。本文首次根据墨西哥全境全球尺度地球化学填图287件深层(C层)土壤组合样品铜元素含量测试结果,制作了1∶8 000 000 C层土壤铜地球化学图,从全球尺度角度研究了墨西哥C层土壤铜地球化学背景和空间分布特征,圈定了墨西哥铜主要地球化学异常,主要取得如下结论:(1)墨西哥全球尺度C层土壤铜含量为3.6~129.0 μg/g,铜含量平均值和中位值分别为20.3和15.9 μg/g,背景值为15.6 μg/g。恰帕斯高原和南马德雷岛弧带构造单元中铜的中位值显著大于其他构造单元,背景值高于全境背景值。(2)墨西哥全球尺度C层土壤铜地球化学图显示,铜含量分布不均,总体呈南高北低、西高东低的格局。(3)墨西哥全球尺度C层土壤铜地球化学异常图共圈定铜地球化学异常10处,8处达到地球化学巨省规模,两处达到地球化学省规模。从铜地球化学信息和已有矿床的套合情况来看,墨西哥南部南马德雷山脉和恰帕斯山脉可能成为墨西哥铜的重要找矿远景区。

Mexico is a major economic power in Latin America and an important mineral producer in the world. Based on data obtained from Mexico global-scale geochemical mapping using 287 deep soil (C layer) samples, this paper produced a C-layer copper geochemical map with a scale of 1∶8000000. The geochemical background and spatial distribution characteristics of copper in soil were studied from a global-scale perspective, and the major copper geochemical anomalies of Mexico were delineated. The main findings are: (1) the copper content in soils of Mexico ranged from 3.6 to 129.0 μg/g, with the mean and median values being 20.3 and 15.9 μg/g, respectively, and the background value being 15.6 μg/g. The Chiapas Plateau and the Southern Madre Island Arc had significantly higher median copper content than other tectonic units, and had the highest background copper value in the whole country. (2) The geochemical map showed uneven distribution of copper content in soil, with the general trend of high in the south, low in the north, and high in the west, low in the east. (3) The geochemical map identified ten copper geochemical anomalies, eight of which reached mega-province scale and two reached province scale. Based on the fit between copper geochemical information and existing mineral deposits, it is considered that the Sierra Madre del Sur and Chiapas Mountains in southern Mexico are important prospective areas for copper in Mexico.